2.1 设计思路
首先使用8255、8254、8259 三个芯片实现电子时钟的功能，让闹钟可以正常走时；其次，在时钟的基础上添加闹铃功能、整点报时功能、设置当前时间功能；完成设计。
2.2 设计方案
1. 电子时钟部分：此次设计是通过对计数器8254设定计数值对脉冲进行计数，在程序里，8254工作于计数器0，方式3。接入的CLK为1MHz，设计数初值为10000，每100次中断计数一次，产生的记数时间正好是时钟每秒走过的时间。通过对中断控制器8259设置初始化命令字初值来控制中断。程序中通过移位指令来实现时、秒、分的个位和十位的独自存储，将分、秒的个位十位分别存入指定的寄存器中。比较转移指令来完成秒和分的累加。七段数码管由8255并行接口的A口进行位的选择，通过B口输出要显示的段码。这样就在6个七段数码管上分别显示时、分和秒。当1S时间到时，修改当前数码管数值，10秒时将秒的低位清零，高位加1，分和时亦是如此；到达60秒时，将秒清零，分加1，到达60分时，将分清零，小时加1，到达24小时则全部清零。
2. 闹钟响铃部分：对于闹钟部分，我们首先要完成数码管显示单元按键的连接和设计，让16个按键分别为0-F；再利用实验平台的单次脉冲输入KK1产生一次中断，这样就可以设置时间了。将设置好的时间储存起来，时刻与当前的时间进行比较，当时间一样时，计数器1工作，蜂鸣器蜂鸣，播放音乐，这就完成了闹钟响铃功能。
3. 整点报时部分：整点报时，就是在整时的时候响一次铃，当时钟整点时，无论是几点，时钟的分和秒部分都为零，所以，只要让时钟的分和秒部分与零进行比较，当他们都相等时，就代表到达整点了，可以响铃了。整点报时就完成了，本闹钟设置的整点报时时长为5秒。
4. 设置当前时间：本部分也用到了数码管显示单元的按键部分，只要利用之前的设计就好了，这次使用单次脉冲输入的KK2产生中断设置时间，再将设置的时间存储在时间变量中，时间就设置好了。
A8254 EQU 06C0H ;宏定义 B8254 EQU 06C2H C8254 EQU 06C4H CON8254 EQU 06C6H MY8255_A EQU 0600H MY8255_B EQU 0602H MY8255_C EQU 0604H MY8255_CON EQU 0606H PUBLIC SEC,MIN,HOUR DATA SEGMENT ;定义数据段 TAB DB 3FH,06H,5BH,4FH,66H,6DH,7DH,07H ;数码表 DB 7FH,6FH,77H,7CH,39H,5EH,79H,71H FREQ_LIST DW 371,495,495,495,624,556,495,556,624 ;频率表 DW 495,495,624,742,833,833,833,742,624 DW 624,495,556,495,556,624,495,416,416,371 DW 495,833,742,624,624,495,556,495,556,833 DW 742,624,624,742,833,990,742,624,624,495 DW 556,495,556,624,495,416,416,371,495,0 TIME_LIST DB 4, 6, 2, 4, 4, 6, 2, 4, 4 ;时间表 DB 6, 2, 4, 4, 12, 1, 3, 6, 2 DB 4, 4, 6, 2, 4, 4, 6, 2, 4, 4 DB 12, 4, 6, 2, 4, 4, 6, 2, 4, 4 DB 6, 2, 4, 4, 12, 4, 6, 2, 4, 4 DB 6, 2, 4, 4, 6, 2, 4, 4, 12 SEC DB 0 ;初始化 HOUR DB 0 MIN DB 0 N_TIME DB 20 DUP(0) Z_TIME DB 20 DUP(0) N_S DB 30 N_M DB 0 N_H DB 0 TIMER DB 10 DUP(0) DUAN DB 0 BUF DB 3 DUP(0) DATA ENDS SSTACK SEGMENT STACK ;堆栈段 DW 256 DUP(?) SSTACK ENDS CODE SEGMENT ;代码段 ASSUME CS:CODE, SS:SSTACK,DS:DATA START: ;8254初始化 MOV DX, CON8254 ;8254 MOV AL, 36H ;计数器0，方式3 OUT DX, AL ;分频 MOV DX, A8254 MOV AL, 010H OUT DX, AL MOV AL, 27H OUT DX, AL ;8255初始化 MOV AL,81H MOV DX,MY8255_CON OUT DX,AL ;MIR7中断 MOV AX, 0000H MOV DS, AX MOV AX, OFFSET MIR7 ;取中断入口地址 MOV SI, 003CH ;中断矢量地址 MOV [SI], AX ;填IRQ7的偏移矢量 MOV AX, SEG MIR7 ;段地址 MOV SI, 003EH MOV [SI], AX ;填IRQ7的段地址矢量 ;MIR6中断 MOV AX, OFFSET MIR6 ;取中断入口地址 MOV SI, 0038H ;中断矢量地址 MOV [SI], AX ;填IRQ6的偏移矢量 MOV AX, SEG MIR6 ;段地址 MOV SI, 003AH MOV [SI], AX ;填IRQ6的段地址矢量 ;MIR2中断 MOV AX, OFFSET SIR1 ;取中断入口地址 MOV SI, 00C4H ;中断矢量地址 MOV [SI], AX ;填SIR1的偏移矢量 MOV AX, SEG SIR1 ;段地址 MOV SI, 00C6H MOV [SI], AX ;填SIR1的段地址矢量 ;8259初始化 MOV AL, 11H OUT 20H, AL ;ICW1 MOV AL, 08H OUT 21H, AL MOV AL,04H OUT 21H,AL ;ICW2 MOV AL, 03H OUT 21H, AL ;ICW4 ;初始化从片8259 MOV AL, 11H OUT 0A0H, AL ;ICW1 MOV AL, 30H OUT 0A1H, AL ;ICW2 MOV AL, 02H OUT 0A1H, AL ;ICW3 MOV AL, 01H OUT 0A1H, AL ;ICW4 MOV AL, 0FDH OUT 0A1H,AL ;OCW1 = 1111 1101 MOV AX,SEG N_TIME ;取N_TIME的段地址 MOV DS,AX MOV SI,OFFSET N_TIME ;取N_TIME的地址偏移量 MOV [SI+1],1 STI AA1: CALL DISP ;调用显示子程序(disp) CALL BJ ;调用闹钟(bj) CALL ZDBS ;调用整点报时(bj) JMP AA1 MIR6 PROC CLI PUSH AX PUSH SI MOV AX,DATA MOV DS,AX MOV SI,3000H MOV AL,00H MOV [SI],AL ;清显示缓冲 MOV [SI+1],AL MOV [SI+2],AL MOV [SI+3],AL MOV [SI+4],AL MOV [SI+5],AL MOV DI,3005H MOV DX,MY8255_CON ;写8255控制字 MOV AL,81H OUT DX,AL BEGIN: CALL DIS ;调用显示子程序 CALL CLEAR ;清屏 CALL CCSCAN ;扫描 JNZ INK1 JMP BEGIN INK1: CALL DIS CALL KEYDALLY CALL KEYDALLY CALL CLEAR CALL CCSCAN MOV AX,SEG DUAN ;取DUAN的段地址 MOV DS,AX MOV SI,OFFSET DUAN ;取DUAN的地址偏移量，用于技计数 MOV AL,[SI] INC AL MOV [SI],AL CMP AL,7 ;AL与6相比较 JE B2 JNZ INK2 ;有键按下，转到INK2 JMP BEGIN ;======================================== ;确定按下键的位置 ;======================================== B2: MOV AL,0 MOV [SI],AL POP AX POP SI IRET INK2: MOV CH,0FEH MOV CL,00H COLUM: MOV AL,CH MOV DX,MY8255_A OUT DX,AL MOV DX,MY8255_C IN AL,DX L1: TEST AL,01H ;is L1? JNZ L2 MOV AL,00H ;L1 JMP KCODE L2: TEST AL,02H ;is L2? JNZ L3 MOV AL,04H ;L2 JMP KCODE L3: TEST AL,04H ;is L3? JNZ L4 MOV AL,08H ;L3 JMP KCODE L4: TEST AL,08H ;is L4? JNZ NEXT MOV AL,0CH ;L4 KCODE: ADD AL,CL CALL PUTBUF PUSH AX KON: CALL DIS CALL CLEAR CALL CCSCAN JNZ KON POP AX NEXT: INC CL MOV AL,CH TEST AL,08H JZ KERR ROL AL,1 MOV CH,AL JMP COLUM KERR: JMP BEGIN ;======================================== ;键盘扫描子程序 ;======================================== CCSCAN: MOV AL,00H MOV DX,MY8255_A OUT DX,AL MOV DX,MY8255_C IN AL,DX NOT AL AND AL,0FH RET ;======================================== ;清屏子程序 ;======================================== CLEAR: MOV DX,MY8255_B MOV AL,00H OUT DX,AL RET ;======================================== ;显示子程序 ;======================================== DIS: PUSH AX MOV SI,3000H MOV DL,0DFH MOV AL,DL AGAIN: PUSH DX MOV DX,MY8255_A OUT DX,AL MOV AL,[SI] MOV BX,OFFSET TAB AND AX,00FFH ADD BX,AX MOV AL,[BX] MOV DX,MY8255_B OUT DX,AL CALL KEYDALLY INC SI POP DX MOV AL,DL TEST AL,01H JZ OUT1 ROR AL,1 MOV DL,AL JMP AGAIN OUT1: POP AX RET ;====== 延时子程序 ====== KEYDALLY: PUSH CX MOV CX,0006H D1: MOV AX,009FH D2: DEC AX JNZ D2 LOOP D1 POP CX RET ;======================================== ;存键盘值到相应位的缓冲中 ;======================================== PUTBUF: MOV SI,DI MOV [SI],AL MOV CX,SEG DUAN ;取DUAN的段地址 MOV DS,CX MOV SI,OFFSET DUAN ;取DUAN的地址偏移量 MOV BX,[SI] MOV CX,SEG N_TIME ;取DUAN的段地址 MOV DS,CX MOV SI,OFFSET N_TIME ;取DUAN的地址偏移量 MOV [SI+BX],AL MOV DX,[SI+BX] DEC DI CMP DI,2FFFH JNZ GOBACK MOV DI,3005H GOBACK: RET MIR6 ENDP SIR1 PROC CLI PUSH AX PUSH SI MOV AX,DATA MOV DS,AX MOV SI,3000H MOV AL,00H MOV [SI],AL ;清显示缓冲 MOV [SI+1],AL MOV [SI+2],AL MOV [SI+3],AL MOV [SI+4],AL MOV [SI+5],AL MOV DI,3005H MOV DX,MY8255_CON ;写8255控制字 MOV AL,81H OUT DX,AL BEGIN_U: CALL DIS1 ;调用显示子程序 CALL CLEAR1 ;清屏 CALL CCSCAN1 ;扫描 JNZ INK3 JMP BEGIN_U INK3: CALL DIS1 CALL U_DALLY CALL U_DALLY CALL CLEAR1 CALL CCSCAN1 MOV AX,SEG DUAN ;取DUAN的段地址 MOV DS,AX MOV SI,OFFSET DUAN ;取DUAN的地址偏移量 MOV AL,[SI] INC AL MOV [SI],AL CMP AL,7 ;AL与7相比较 JE B3 JNZ INK4 ;有键按下，转到INK2 JMP BEGIN_U ;======================================== ;确定按下键的位置 ;======================================== B3: MOV AL,0 MOV [SI],AL POP AX POP SI IRET INK4: MOV CH,0FEH MOV CL,00H COLUM2: MOV AL,CH MOV DX,MY8255_A OUT DX,AL MOV DX,MY8255_C IN AL,DX U1: TEST AL,01H ;is L1? JNZ U2 MOV AL,00H ;L1 JMP KCODE1 U2: TEST AL,02H ;is L2? JNZ U3 MOV AL,04H ;L2 JMP KCODE1 U3: TEST AL,04H ;is L3? JNZ U4 MOV AL,08H ;L3 JMP KCODE1 U4: TEST AL,08H ;is L4? JNZ NEXT1 MOV AL,0CH ;L4 KCODE1: ADD AL,CL CALL PUTBUF1 PUSH AX KON1: CALL DIS1 CALL CLEAR1 CALL CCSCAN1 JNZ KON1 POP AX NEXT1: INC CL MOV AL,CH TEST AL,08H JZ KERR1 ROL AL,1 MOV CH,AL JMP COLUM2 KERR1: JMP BEGIN_U ;======================================== ;键盘扫描子程序 ;======================================== CCSCAN1: MOV AL,00H MOV DX,MY8255_A OUT DX,AL MOV DX,MY8255_C IN AL,DX NOT AL AND AL,0FH RET ;======================================== ;清屏子程序 ;======================================== CLEAR1: MOV DX,MY8255_B MOV AL,00H OUT DX,AL RET ;======================================== ;显示子程序 ;======================================== DIS1: PUSH AX MOV SI,3000H MOV DL,0DFH MOV AL,DL AGAIN1: PUSH DX MOV DX,MY8255_A OUT DX,AL MOV AL,[SI] MOV BX,OFFSET TAB AND AX,00FFH ADD BX,AX MOV AL,[BX] MOV DX,MY8255_B OUT DX,AL CALL U_DALLY INC SI POP DX MOV AL,DL TEST AL,01H JZ OUT2 ROR AL,1 MOV DL,AL JMP AGAIN1 OUT2: POP AX RET ;====== 延时子程序 ====== U_DALLY: PUSH CX MOV CX,0006H W1: MOV AX,009FH W2: DEC AX JNZ W2 LOOP W1 POP CX RET ;======================================== ;存键盘值到相应位的缓冲中 ;======================================== PUTBUF1: MOV SI,DI MOV [SI],AL MOV CX,SEG DUAN ;取DUAN的段地址 MOV DS,CX MOV SI,OFFSET DUAN ;取DUAN的地址偏移量 MOV BX,[SI] MOV CX,SEG TIMER ;取DUAN的段地址 MOV DS,CX MOV SI,OFFSET TIMER ;取DUAN的地址偏移量 MOV [SI+BX],AL MOV DX,[SI+BX] DEC DI CMP DI,2FFFH JNZ GOBACK1 MOV DI,3005H GOBACK1: RET SIR1 ENDP MIR7 PROC STI ;置中断标志位IF PUSH AX ;压栈 PUSH SI MOV AX,SEG TIMER ;取TIMER的段地址 MOV DS,AX MOV SI,OFFSET TIMER ;取TIMER的地址偏移量 MOV AL,[SI] INC AL MOV [SI],AL CMP AL,100 ;AL与100相比较 JNE TRNED ;若相等，则跳转 MOV AL,0 ;不等则向下执行 MOV [SI],AL MOV AL,[SI+1] ADD AL,1 DAA ;十进制调整，用于加法 MOV [SI+1],AL CMP AL,60H JNE TRNED MOV AL,0 MOV [SI+1],AL MOV AL,[SI+2] ADD AL,1 DAA MOV [SI+2],AL CMP AL,60H JNE TRNED MOV AL,0 MOV [SI+2],AL MOV AL,[SI+3] ADD AL,1 DAA MOV [SI+3],AL CMP AL,24H JNE TRNED MOV AL,0 MOV [SI+3],AL TRNED: MOV AL,[SI+1] MOV SEC,AL MOV AL,[SI+2] MOV MIN,AL MOV AL,[SI+3] MOV HOUR,AL POP SI ;出栈 POP AX STI ;置中断标志位IF IRET ;中断返回 ENDP DISP: PUSH BX PUSH DI PUSH AX PUSH SI MOV DX,MY8255_B MOV AX,SEG TAB MOV DS,AX MOV BX,OFFSET TAB MOV AL,SEC AND AL,0FH ;与低四位相与 MOV AH,00H MOV SI,AX MOV AL,[BX+SI] OUT DX,AL MOV DX,MY8255_A MOV AL,0DFH OUT DX,AL CALL DALLY MOV AL,SEC AND AL,0F0H ror al,04 MOV AH,00H MOV SI,AX MOV AL,[BX+SI] MOV DX,MY8255_B OUT DX,AL MOV DX,MY8255_A MOV AL,0EFH OUT DX,AL CALL DALLY MOV AL,MIN AND AL,0FH MOV AH,00H MOV SI,AX MOV AL,[BX+SI] MOV DX,MY8255_B OUT DX,AL MOV DX,MY8255_A MOV AL,0F7H OUT DX,AL CALL DALLY MOV AL,MIN AND AL,0F0H ror al,04 MOV AH,00H MOV SI,AX MOV AL,[BX+SI] MOV DX,MY8255_B OUT DX,AL MOV DX,MY8255_A MOV AL,0FBH OUT DX,AL CALL DALLY MOV AL,HOUR AND AL,0FH MOV AH,00H MOV SI,AX MOV AL,[BX+SI] MOV DX,MY8255_B OUT DX,AL MOV DX,MY8255_A MOV AL,0FDH OUT DX,AL CALL DALLY MOV AL,HOUR AND AL,0F0H ror al,04 MOV AH,00H MOV SI,AX MOV AL,[BX+SI] MOV DX,MY8255_B OUT DX,AL MOV DX,MY8255_A MOV AL,0FEH OUT DX,AL CALL DALLY POP SI POP AX POP DI POP BX RET ZDBS PROC ;整点报时 MOV AL,MIN CMP AL,00H JNZ LP2 MOV AL,SEC CMP AL,00H JNZ LP2 MOV DX, CON8254 ;8254 MOV AL, 76H ;计数器1，方式3 OUT DX, AL ZD1: MOV DX, B8254 MOV AL, 00H OUT DX, AL MOV AL, 09H OUT DX, AL MOV AL,SEC CMP AL,05H JE OUTZD CALL DISP JMP ZD1 OUTZD: MOV AX,00H OUT DX,AL MOV AL,AH OUT DX,AL RET LP2: RET ZDBS ENDP BJ PROC ;闹铃程序 MOV AL,HOUR MOV CX,SEG N_TIME ;取DUAN的段地址 MOV DS,CX MOV SI,OFFSET N_TIME ;取DUAN的地址偏移量 MOV BL,[SI+1] ROL BL,04 MOV AL,0 MOV AL,[SI+2] OR BL,AL CMP AL,BL JNZ LP MOV CX,SEG N_TIME ;取DUAN的段地址 MOV DS,CX MOV SI,OFFSET N_TIME ;取DUAN的地址偏移量 MOV BL,[SI+3] ROL BL,04 MOV AL,0 MOV AL,[SI+4] OR BL,AL MOV AL,MIN CMP AL,BL JNZ LP MOV CX,SEG N_TIME ;取DUAN的段地址 MOV DS,CX MOV SI,OFFSET N_TIME ;取DUAN的地址偏移量 MOV BL,[SI+5] ROL BL,04 MOV AL,0 MOV AL,[SI+6] OR BL,AL MOV AL,SEC CMP AL,BL JNZ LP MOV DX, CON8254 ;8254 MOV AL, 76H ;计数器1，方式3 OUT DX, AL BEGIN_M: MOV BX,OFFSET FREQ_LIST MOV DI,OFFSET TIME_LIST ;装入时间表起始地址 PLAY: MOV DX,0FH ;输入时钟为1MHz，1M = 0F4240H MOV AX,4240H DIV WORD PTR [BX] ;取出频率值计算计数初值，0F4240H / 输出频率 MOV DX,B8254 OUT DX,AL ;装入计数初值 MOV AL,AH OUT DX,AL MOV DL,[DI] ;取出演奏相对时间，调用延时子程序 CALL DALLY2 ADD BX,2 INC DI CMP WORD PTR [BX],0 ;判断是否到曲末？ JE OUTPLAY CALL DISP JMP PLAY OUTPLAY:MOV DX,B8254 MOV AX,00H OUT DX,AL MOV AL,AH OUT DX,AL RET LP: RET DALLY2 PROC ;延时子程序 H0: MOV CX,0010H H1: MOV AX,0FF0H H2: DEC AX JNZ H2 LOOP H1 DEC DL JNZ H0 RET DALLY2 ENDP BJ ENDP DALLY: PUSH CX MOV CX,0006H T1: MOV AX,009FH T2: DEC AX JNZ T2 LOOP T1 POP CX RET CODE ENDSEND START
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