Windows网络编程（基础篇2）

无连接通信UDP

无连接通信是通过UDP/IP协议完成的。UDP不能确保可靠的数据传输，但能将数据发送到过个目标，或者接收多个源数据。

1. UDP通信不用调用listen和accept。接收函数有recvfrom，和WSARecvFrom。

   int recvfrom(
    _In_        SOCKET          s,
    _Out_       char            *buf,
    _In_        int             len,
    _In_        int             flags,//一般填0，具体看MSDN
    _Out_       struct sockaddr *from,//返回接收端的地址信息
    _Inout_opt_ int             *fromlen //指向地址结构的长度
   );

   int WSARecvFrom(
    _In_    SOCKET                             s,
    _Inout_ LPWSABUF                           lpBuffers,
    _In_    DWORD                              dwBufferCount,
    _Out_   LPDWORD                            lpNumberOfBytesRecvd,
    _Inout_ LPDWORD                            lpFlags,
    _Out_   struct sockaddr                    *lpFrom,
    _Inout_ LPINT                              lpFromlen,
    _In_    LPWSAOVERLAPPED                    lpOverlapped,
    _In_    LPWSAOVERLAPPED_COMPLETION_ROUTINE lpCompletionRoutine
   );

   • UDP接收端应用程序

   
   #include<winsock2.h>
   
   
   #include<Ws2tcpip.h>
   
   
   #pragma comment(lib,"WS2_32")
   
   int main(void)
   {
   WSADATA wsaData;
   SOCKET  receivingSocket;
   SOCKADDR_IN  ReceiverAddr;
   int Port = 5150;
   char ReceiveBuf[1024];
   int BufLength = 1024;
   SOCKADDR_IN SenderAddr;
   int SenderAddrSize = sizeof(SenderAddr);
   
   WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
   
   //创建一个新的套接字来接收数据报
   receivingSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
   
   //建立一个SOCKADDR_IN结构，这个结构将告知我们想要使用5150端口来接收来自所有接口的数据报
   ReceiverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
   ReceiverAddr.sin_port = htons(Port);
   inet_pton(AF_INET, INADDR_ANY, (void*)&ReceiverAddr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr);
   
   //使用bind将这个地址信息和套接字关联起来
   bind(receivingSocket, (SOCKADDR*)&SenderAddr, sizeof(SenderAddr));
   
   //此时可以在绑定套接字上接收数据报了
   recvfrom(receivingSocket, ReceiveBuf, BufLength, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&SenderAddr, &SenderAddrSize);
   
   //应用程序接收完数据报后。关闭套接字
   closesocket(receivingSocket);
   WSACleanup();
   
   return 1;
   }

2. 发送函数有sendto，和WSASendto。

   int sendto(
    _In_       SOCKET                s,        //socket描述符
    _In_ const char                  *buf, //数据报缓存地址
    _In_       int                   len,      //数据报长度
    _In_       int                   flags,    //该参数一般为0
    _In_       const struct sockaddr *to,      //数据发往哪里
    _In_       int                   tolen //对方地址长度
   );//返回发送的字节数

   int WSASendTo(
    _In_  SOCKET                             s,
    _In_  LPWSABUF                           lpBuffers,
    _In_  DWORD                              dwBufferCount,
    _Out_ LPDWORD                            lpNumberOfBytesSent,
    _In_  DWORD                              dwFlags,
    _In_  const struct sockaddr              *lpTo,
    _In_  int                                iToLen,
    _In_  LPWSAOVERLAPPED                    lpOverlapped,
    _In_  LPWSAOVERLAPPED_COMPLETION_ROUTINE lpCompletionRoutine
   );

   • UDP发送端示例：

   WSADATA wsaData;
   SOCKET SendingSocket;
   SOCKADDR_IN ReceiverAddr;
   int Port = 5150;
   char SendBuf[1024];
   int BufLength = 1024;
   WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
   
   SendingSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
   ReceiverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
   ReceiverAddr.sin_port = htons(Port);
   inet_pton(AF_INET, "136.149.3.29", (void*)&ReceiverAddr);
   
   sendto(SendingSocket, SendBuf, BufLength, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&ReceiverAddr, sizeof(ReceiverAddr));
   
   closesocket(SendingSocket);
   WSACleanup();

3. 常用winsock API。

   • 获取通信方的套接字地址信息，该信息是关于已建立连接的套接字。

   int getpeername(
    _In_    SOCKET          s,     //准备连接的套接字
    _Out_   struct sockaddr *name,
    _Inout_ int             *namelen
   );

   • 获取给定套接字本地接口信息。

   int getsockname(
    _In_    SOCKET          s,
    _Out_   struct sockaddr *name,
    _Inout_ int             *namelen
   );

声明：以上整理于Windows网络编程（第二版）