用户认证总结

客户实施过程中，遇到通过LDAP认证登陆计算节点，密码登陆一直失败，通过一顿的查资料才解决问题。解决后才发现有更简单的方法，记录如下。

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三个配置文件

登陆计算节点，查看一下三个配置文件，该配置文件涉及用户认证方式。
1. /etc/pam_ldap.conf

cat /etc/pam_ldap.conf | grep -v ^$ | grep -v ^#
host 192.168.242.100
base dc=clustertech,dc=com
uri ldap://192.168.242.100
ldap_version 3

1. /etc/pam.d/sshd

#%PAM-1.0
auth       required pam_sepermit.so
auth       include      password-auth
account    required     pam_nologin.so
account    include      password-auth
password   include      password-auth
# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session    required     pam_selinux.so close
session    required     pam_loginuid.so
# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context
session    required     pam_selinux.so open env_params
session    optional     pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session    include      password-auth

sshd模块决定用户认证过程中采用的方式，主要关注include后面的方式会有system-auth、password-auth，采用password-auth
备注：/etc/pam.d/sshd模块还有许多其他功能，比如登陆安全设置（失败次数限制）、允许/禁止特定的用户登录，可以自行查找相关资料
3. /etc/nslcd.conf

cat /etc/nslcd.conf | grep -v ^$ | grep -v ^#
uid nslcd
gid ldap
uri ldap://192.168.242.100
base dc=clustertech,dc=com
ssl no
tls_cacertdir /etc/openldap/cacerts

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问题主要出在sshd模块上面，举一反三，在/etc/pam.d/下面的其他模块，比如su、sudo等均需要修改成password-auth，主要password-auth中也要引入ldap模块

cat /etc/pam.d/password-auth

#%PAM-1.0
# This file is auto-generated.
# User changes will be destroyed the next time authconfig is run.
auth        required      pam_env.so
auth        sufficient    pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass
auth        requisite     pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 500 quiet
auth        sufficient    pam_ldap.so use_first_pass
auth        required      pam_deny.so

account     required      pam_unix.so broken_shadow
account     sufficient    pam_localuser.so
account     sufficient    pam_succeed_if.so uid < 500 quiet
account     [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_ldap.so
account     required      pam_permit.so

password    requisite     pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 type=
password    sufficient    pam_unix.so sha512 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok
password    sufficient    pam_ldap.so use_authtok
password    required      pam_deny.so

session     optional      pam_keyinit.so revoke
session     required      pam_limits.so
session     optional      pam_mkhomedir.so
session     [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid
session     required      pam_unix.so
session     optional      pam_ldap.so

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authconfig命令

authconfig --enableldap --enableldapauth --ldapserver=ldap://ldap.example.com:389,ldap://ldap2.example.com:389 --ldapbasedn="ou=people,dc=example,dc=com" --enableldaptls --ldaploadcacert=https://ca.server.example.com/caCert.crt --update

http://www.idevelopment.info/data/LDAP/LDAP_Resources/OPENLDAP_Configure_System_to_Authenticate_Using_OpenLDAP_CentOS6.shtml

https://www.certdepot.net/ldap-client-configuration-authconfig/

补充：

当nis或ldap客户端也存在和server中一样的用户时，要注意nsswitch.conf文件。最好的解决办法是删除client端中的相同用户。