1、oracle安装文件上传
上传 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip和
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip到root根目录下,并用unzip解压。
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
1、检查包
rpm -qa | grep binutils-2.17.50.0.6
rpm -qa | grep compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
rpm -qa | grep elfutils-libelf-0.125
rpm -qa | grep elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
rpm -qa | grep elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
rpm -qa | grep gcc-4.1.2
rpm -qa | grep gcc-c++-4.1.2
rpm -qa | grep glibc-2.5-24
rpm -qa | grep glibc-common-2.5
rpm -qa | grep glibc-devel-2.5
rpm -qa | grep glibc-headers-2.5
rpm -qa | grep kernel-headers-2.6.18
rpm -qa | grep ksh-20060214
rpm -qa | grep libaio-0.3.106
rpm -qa | grep libaio-devel-0.3.106
rpm -qa | grep libgcc-4.1.2
rpm -qa | grep libgomp-4.1.2
rpm -qa | grep libstdc++-4.1.2
rpm -qa | grep libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
rpm -qa | grep make-3.81
rpm -qa | grep numactl-devel-0.9.8.i386
rpm -qa | grep sysstat-7.0.2
rpm -qa | grep unixODBC-2.2.11
rpm -qa | grep unixODBC-devel-2.2.11
3、安装缺省包
rpm -ivh 缺省包.rpm
注:如果在安装包时,提示有关联,可以强制执行加入参数 --nodeps
4、主机名相关信息查看和设置
打开linux控制终端,查看内容输入以下命令:
more /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
HOSTNAME=binbin (主机名)
5、配置文件
vi /etc/profile
找到ulimit –S –c 0 > /dev/null 2>&1
改成
ulimit -S -c unlimited > /dev/null 2>&1
6、系统内核参数设置
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在原有的内容中加入
fs.suid_dumpable = 1
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
kernel.shmall = 2097152 (可以以默认为准)
kernel.shmmax = 536870912 (可以以默认为准)
保存后退出,使设置的参数生效输入以下命令:
cd /etc
sysctl -p (将刚才修改的参数设置生效)
7、进程数和最大会话数的设置
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
(在该文件的最后添加下面四行)
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
8、关联设置
vi /etc/pam.d/login
添加下面这行数据:
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
在/etc/profile文件中添加下列内容
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
9、Oracle相关设置
(注:cd /opt 在另一分区中建立,进入后再执行)
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd oracle -g oinstall -G dba
passwd oracle(回车输入密码oracle)
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
cp /etc/skel/.bash_profile /u01/app/oracle
cp /etc/skel/.bashrc /u01/app/oracle
cp /etc/skel/.bash_logout /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11g/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod 755 -R /u01
配置oracle用户使用数据库的环境变量(切换到oracle用户下su - oracle):
su - oracle
vi .bash_profile
(下面是增加的内容)
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11g/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=binbin
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
env |grep ora查看配置的环境变量是否正确。
mv database /u01/app(database为oracle解压后的安装目录,现把它剪切到/u01/app下,可不移动)
cd /u01/app
chown -R oracle:oinstall database/
10、编辑安装需要的应答文件
静默模式(Silent)安装必须指定一个应答文件来完成安装过程所须的各类参数。在Oracle安装目录的response子目录里有:
dbca.rsp --建库的应答文件
db_install.rsp --建实例的应答文件
netca.rsp --建监听的应答文件
先新建一个实例,需修改以下这些项目的值。
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall --oracle用户用于安装软件的组名
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW --oracle运行语言环境,一般包括引文和简繁体中文
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11g/db_1 --Oracle安装目录
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle --oracle基础目录
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE --安装版本类型,一般是企业版
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true --是否定制安装,默认Partitioning,OLAP,RAT都选上了
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,
oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,
oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,
oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,
oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 --定制安装组件列表:除了以上默认的,可加上Label Security和Database Vault
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba --oracle用户用于授予OSDBA权限的组名
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall --oracle用户用于授予OSOPER权限的组名
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=binbin --数据库全局名称
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=binbin --数据库SID
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK --字符集
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1024 --内存大小
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false --是否安装示例库
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=binbin --所有用户设置同一密码
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=binbin
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=binbin
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=binbin
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=binbin
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false --是否email通知
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=false --email地址
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE --数据库存储机制
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/u01/app/oracle/oradata --数据文件路径
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=binbin
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=xxx --metalink账号(11g静默安装需要,否则会报错)
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=xxx --metalink密码
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false --是否需要在线安全更新,设置为false,该参数不要更改
11、安装单实例
./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -ignorePrereq -responseFile /u01/app/database/response/db_install.rsp
各参数含义如下:
-silent 表示以静默方式安装,不会有任何提示
-force 允许安装到一个非空目录
-noconfig 表示不运行配置助手netca
-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径
1) 通过response文件静默安装, 大概3分钟左右:
控制台直到出现以下提示则表示安装完成:
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.
2) 安装期间查看安装日志信息了解安装进度:
cd $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/logs
tail -100f installActions*.log
3) 安装的软件信息会写入inventory.xml文件, 如果需重运行则把该文件的对应安装条目信息删除即可:
vi $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml
若本机第一次安装oracle软件, 则执行orainstRoot.sh来建立oraInst.loc文件和修改权限:
su -
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
more /etc/oraInst.loc
执行$ORACLE_HOME下的root.sh来建立oratab,dbhome,oraenv,coraenv文件, 如果提示则一直回车:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
more /etc/oratab
12、静默配置监听
通过response文件运行netca, 生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora文件, 位于$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下:
su - oracle
netca /silent /u01/app/database/response/netca.rsp
lsnrctl status
执行完后, 监听就已经启动了, 默认端口是1521, 默认是动态监听, 只要实例启动了就会监听到.
13、静默建库
修改 dbca.rsp
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0" --响应文件模板的版本,该参数不要更改
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase" --安装类型,该参数不要更改
GDBNAME = "binbin" --数据库全局名称
SID = "binbin" --数据库SID
SYSPASSWORD = "binbin"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "binbin"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "binbin"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "binbin"
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "system"
SYSDBAPASSWORD = "binbin"
DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "binbin"
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"
INSTANCENAME = "binbin"
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"
[oracle@binbin response]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /u01/app/database/response/dbca.rsp
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
33% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/binbin/binbin0.log" for further details.
-silent 表示以静默方式安装
-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径
安装期间查看日志信息了解进度:
$ tail -100f $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/dbca/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID.log
14、建库后检查
[oracle@binbin dbca]$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
oracle 10356 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:03 ora_pmon_binbin
oracle 10358 1 0 00:56 ? 00:01:28 ora_vktm_binbin
oracle 10362 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:01 ora_gen0_binbin
oracle 10364 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:02 ora_diag_binbin
oracle 10366 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:02 ora_dbrm_binbin
oracle 10368 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:01 ora_psp0_binbin
oracle 10370 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:12 ora_dia0_binbin
oracle 10372 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:02 ora_mman_binbin
oracle 10374 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:03 ora_dbw0_binbin
oracle 10376 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:02 ora_lgwr_binbin
oracle 10378 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:13 ora_ckpt_binbin
oracle 10380 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:01 ora_smon_binbin
oracle 10382 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_binbin
oracle 10384 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:08 ora_mmon_binbin
oracle 10386 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:11 ora_mmnl_binbin
oracle 10388 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_binbin
oracle 10390 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_binbin
oracle 10425 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_binbin
oracle 10440 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:05 ora_cjq0_binbin
oracle 10442 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_binbin
oracle 10444 1 0 00:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_binbin
oracle 10477 1 0 01:01 ? 00:00:02 ora_smco_binbin
oracle 22041 1 0 06:51 ? 00:00:00 ora_w000_binbin
[oracle@binbin response]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Dec 10 07:12:46 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
SQL> alter system register;
System altered.
[oracle@binbin dbca]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 10-DEC-2013 07:09:05
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 10-DEC-2013 02:10:19
Uptime 0 days 4 hr. 58 min. 45 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11g/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/binbin/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=binbin)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "binbin" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "binbin", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "binbinXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "binbin", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully