一、文件上传的三种方式
1、上传到tomcat服务器
自己的电脑：项目在哪里，图片就在哪里
云服务器：是没有CDEF盘的，只有/跟目录
2、上传到指定文件目录，添加服务器与真实目录的映射关系，从而解耦上传文件与tomcat的关系
文件服务器和web服务器通常是同一个，但是文件目录与tomcat目录肯定不是同一个
3、在数据库表中建立二进制字段，将图片存储到数据库
安全性比第二种高
推荐使用的ECS云服务器：阿里云、腾讯云、西部数码云，至少要1核CPU，2G内存的
二、文件上传演示
1、上传文件的界面
必须是多功能表单（enctype="multipart/form-data" type="file"）
<%@ page language='java' contentType='text/html; charset=UTF-8'
pageEncoding='UTF-8'%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN' 'http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd'>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=UTF-8'>
<title>图片上传</title>
</head>
<body>
<form class="form-inline"
action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/clz_upload.action" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="hidden" name="cid" value="${result.cid }"><br>
<input type="hidden" name="cname" value="${result.cname }"><br>
<input type="hidden" name="cteacher" value="${result.cteacher}"><br>
<input type="file" name="img">
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>2、struts必须按照指定的格式去接受参数变量
指定的格式：
①上传的文件
②上传的文件名
③上传的文件类别
private File img;
private String imgFileName;
private String imgContentType;
public File getImg() {
return img;
}
public void setImg(File img) {
this.img = img;
}
public String getImgFileName() {
return imgFileName;
}
public void setImgFileName(String imgFileName) {
this.imgFileName = imgFileName;
}
public String getImgContentType() {
return imgContentType;
}
public void setImgContentType(String imgContentType) {
this.imgContentType = imgContentType;
}3、web层，写方法
跳转的方法===>upload.jsp
上传的方法：
将指定的文件图片上传到文件目录
将访问图片的请求映射地址更新到数据
// 跳转到文件上传界面
public String preUpload() throws Exception {
this.result=this.clzDao.list(clz, null).get(0);
this.req.setAttribute("result", result);
return "upload";
}
public String upload() throws Exception {
// img代表客户选择的文件或者图片，再将图片上传到其他地方
// img代表源头，要将其写入目的地target
String destDir="E:/Temp/mvc/upload";
String serverDiv="/uploadImages";
// E:/Temp/mvc/upload/1.png
// http://localhost:8080/struts/upload/xx.png
FileUtils.copyFile(img,new File(destDir+"/"+imgFileName));
// 数据库保存的值是/uploadImages/xx.png
// 图片是在E:/Temp/mvc/upload/1.png
// 访问：http://localhost:8080/struts/uploadImages/xx.png
clz.setPic(serverDiv+"/"+imgFileName);
this.clzDao.edit(clz);
return TOLIST;
}4、在tomcat中的server.xml中配置
注意放置的顺序
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
--><!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
--><Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener"/>
<!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
-->
<!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
<Listener SSLEngine="on" className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"/>
<!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener"/>
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener"/>
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener"/>
<!-- Global JNDI resources
Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
-->
<GlobalNamingResources>
<!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
-->
<Resource auth="Container" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" name="UserDatabase" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"/>
</GlobalNamingResources>
<!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
-->
<Service name="Catalina">
<!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
<!--
<Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
-->
<!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
and responses are returned. Documentation at :
Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)
Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
-->
<Connector connectionTimeout="20000" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" redirectPort="8443"/>
<!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
<!--
<Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
-->
<!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
This connector uses the NIO implementation that requires the JSSE
style configuration. When using the APR/native implementation, the
OpenSSL style configuration is required as described in the APR/native
documentation -->
<!--
<Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true"
clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
-->
<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443"/>
<!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->
<!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
-->
<Engine defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">
<!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
/docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to)
/docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
<!--
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
-->
<!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
via a brute-force attack -->
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
<!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits
that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
available for use by the Realm. -->
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<Host appBase="webapps" autoDeploy="true" name="localhost" unpackWARs="true">
<!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
<!--
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
-->
<!-- Access log processes all example.
Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"/>
<Context docBase="E:/Temp/mvc/upload" path="/uploadImages"/>
<Context docBase="zw_struts" path="/zw_struts" reloadable="true" source="org.eclipse.jst.jee.server:zw_struts"/></Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>5、配置struts-sy.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
<action name="/clz_*" class="com.zw.web.ClzAction" method="{1}" >
<result name="list">/clzList.jsp</result>
<result name="toEdit">/clzEdit.jsp</result>
<result name="toList" type="redirectAction">/clz_list</result>
<result name="upload">/upload.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>6、显示上传的图片(clzList.jsp）
直接访问img映射地址，通过img标签
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://jsp.veryedu.cn" prefix="z"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link
href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.5.0/css/bootstrap.css"
rel="stylesheet">
<script
src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.5.0/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<title>博客列表</title>
<style type="text/css">
.page-item input {
padding: 0;
width: 40px;
height: 100%;
text-align: center;
margin: 0 6px;
}
.page-item input, .page-item b {
line-height: 38px;
float: left;
font-weight: 400;
}
.page-item.go-input {
margin: 0 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form class="form-inline"
action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/clz_list.action" method="post">
<div class="form-group mb-2">
<input type="text" class="form-control-plaintext" name="title"
placeholder="请输入书籍名称">
<!-- <input name="rows" value="20" type="hidden"> -->
<!-- 不想分页 -->
<!-- <input name="pagination" value="false" type="hidden"> -->
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">查询</button>
<a class="btn btn-primary mb-2" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/clz_toEdit.action">新增</a>
</form>
<table class="table table-striped bg-success">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">ID</th>
<th scope="col">名字</th>
<th scope="col">老师</th>
<th scope="col">操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<c:forEach var="b" items="${result }">
<tr>
<td>${b.cid }</td>
<td>${b.cname}</td>
<td>${b.cteacher }</td>
<td>
<img alt="" src="${b.pic }" style="width: 50px;height: 70px;">
</td>
<td>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/clz_toEdit.action?cid=${b.cid}">修改</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/clz_del.action?cid=${b.cid}">删除</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/clz_preUpload.action? cid=${b.cid}">上传图片</a>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- 这一行代码就相当于前面分页需求前端的几十行了 -->
<z:page pageBean="${pageBean }"></z:page>
</body>
</html>效果展示:
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