MongoDB更新操作

插入文档操作		db.foo.insert({"bar": "baz"})
删除文档操作	删除所有的数据:	db.foo.remove()
	删除指定的数据	db.foo.remove( {"bar": "baz"})
更新文档操作	{  "_id" : ObjectId("4b2b9f67a1f631733d917a7a"),  "name" : "joe",  "friends" : 32,  "enemies" : 2 } 更新为 {  "_id" : ObjectId("4b2b9f67a1f631733d917a7a"),  "username" : "joe",  "relationships" :  {  "friends" : 32,  "enemies" : 2  } }	操作步骤： var joe = db.users.findOne({"name" : "joe"}); joe.relationships = {"friends" : joe.friends, "enemies" : joe.enemies}; joe.username = joe.name; delete joe.friends; delete joe.enemies; delete joe.name; db.users.update({"name" : "joe"}, joe);
修改器
$set修改器	"$set"修改器用来指定一个键值，如果这个键不存在，则创建它	> db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("55153d95b6aecf8244e6f263"),    "name" : "joe",   "age" : 30,    "sex" : "male",   "location" : "Wisconsin" } //不存在，创建一个 > db.users.update({"_id" : ObjectId("55153d95b6aecf8244e6f263")}, {"$set":{"favorite book":"war and peace"}}) > db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("55153d95b6aecf8244e6f263"), "age" : 30, "favorite book" : "war and peace", "location" : "Wisconsin", "name" : "joe", "sex" : "male" } //存在更新一个 > db.users.update({"name":"joe"}, {"$set":{"favorite book":"green eggs and ham"}}) > db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("55153d95b6aecf8244e6f263"), "age" : 30, "favorite book" : "green eggs and ham", "location" : "Wisconsin", "name" : "joe", "sex" : "male" } //更新为数组 > db.users.update({"name":"joe"}, {"$set":{"favorite book":["cat's candle", "foundation trilogy", "ender's game"]}}) > db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("55153d95b6aecf8244e6f263"), "age" : 30, "favorite book" : [ "cat's candle", "foundation trilogy", "ender's game" ], "location" : "Wisconsin", "name" : "joe", "sex" : "male" } //更改内嵌文档 > db.address.findOne() {  "_id" : ObjectId("55150a19b6aecf8244e6f25a"),  "name" : "John Doe",  "address" : {   "street" : "123 Park Street",   "city" : "Anytown",   "state" : "NY"  } } > db.address.update({"address.city":"Anytown"}, {$set :{"address.state":"KY"}}) > db.address.findOne() {  "_id" : ObjectId("55150a19b6aecf8244e6f25a"),  "address" : {   "city" : "Anytown",   "state" : "KY",   "street" : "123 Park Street"  },  "name" : "John Doe" }
$unset修改器， 删除一个键值		> db.users.update({"name" : "joe"}, {"$unset" : {"favorite book" : 1}}) > db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("55153d95b6aecf8244e6f263"), "age" : 30, "location" : "Wisconsin", "name" : "joe", "sex" : "male" }
$inc增加和减少器	$inc修改器用来增加已有的键值，或者在键值不在的时候创建一个键值；值为负数的时候即为减	> db.games.findOne() {  "_id" : ObjectId("55151a11b6aecf8244e6f25c"),  "game" : "pineball",  "score" : 0,  "user" : "Joe" } > db.games.update({"game" : "pineball","user" : "Joe"}, {"$inc": {"score":50}}) > db.games.findOne() {  "_id" : ObjectId("55151a11b6aecf8244e6f25c"),  "game" : "pineball",  "score" : 50,  "user" : "Joe" }
数组修改器
$push：	如果已有的键值已经存在，"$push"会向已有的数组尾部加入一个元素，如果不存在，则创建一个新的的数组	>db.blog.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5518a6ba1d802f6252d90e79"), "title" : "A blog post", "content" : "..." } >db.blog.update({"title":"A blog post"}, {"$push":{"comments": ... {"name":"joe","email":"joe@gmail.com", "content":"nice post."}}}) > db.blog.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5518a6ba1d802f6252d90e79"), "comments" : [ { "name" : "joe", "email" : "joe@gmail.com", "content" : "nice post." } ], "content" : "...", "title" : "A blog post" } > db.blog.update({"title":"A blog post"}, {"$push":{"comments": ... {"name":"bob","email":"bob@gmail.com", "content":"good  post."}}}) > db.blog.findOne() { "_id" : ObjectId("5518a6ba1d802f6252d90e79"), "comments" : [ { "name" : "joe", "email" : "joe@gmail.com", "content" : "nice post." }, { "name" : "bob", "email" : "bob@gmail.com", "content" : "good  post." } ], "content" : "...", "title" : "A blog post" }
$addToSet	可以避免重复插入	> db.users.findOne() { "_id" : ObjectId("5518ae1b1d802f6252d90e7b"), "username" : "joe", "emails" : [ "joe@example.com", "joe@gmail.com", "joe@yahoo.com" ] } > db.users.update({"username" : "joe"}, {"$addToSet":{"emails":"joe@gmail.com"}}) > db.users.findOne() { "_id" : ObjectId("5518ae1b1d802f6252d90e7b"), "username" : "joe", "emails" : [ "joe@example.com", "joe@gmail.com", "joe@yahoo.com" ] } > db.users.update({"username" : "joe"}, {"$addToSet":{"emails":"joe@hotmail.com"}}) > db.users.findOne() { "_id" : ObjectId("5518ae1b1d802f6252d90e7b"), "emails" : [ "joe@example.com", "joe@gmail.com", "joe@yahoo.com", "joe@hotmail.com" ], "username" : "joe" }
$addToSet和$each组合	$addToSet和$each组合，可以添加多个不同的值	> db.users.update({"username" : "joe"}, {"$addToSet":{"emails":{"$each":["joe@php.net", "joe@python.org"]}}}) > db.users.findOne() { "_id" : ObjectId("5518ae1b1d802f6252d90e7b"), "emails" : [ " joe@example.com ", " joe@gmail.com ", " joe@yahoo.com ", " joe@hotmail.com ", "joe@php.net", "joe@python.org" ], "username" : "joe" }
$pop修改器	从数组中删除元素，{"$pop":{key:1}}表示从数组尾部删除数据，{"$pop":{key:-1}}从头部删除数据
$pull修改器	$pull修改器	> db.lists.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5518b3de1d802f6252d90e7c"), "todo" : [ "dishes", "laundry", "dry cleaning" ] } > db.lists.update({}, {"$pull":{"todo":"laundry"}}) > db.lists.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5518b4b71d802f6252d90e7d"), "todo" : [ "dishes", "dry cleaning" ] }
	多个条件符合时，会删除多个	> db.lists.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5518b5201d802f6252d90e7e"), "todo" : [ "dishes", "laundry", "dry cleaning", "laundry" ] } > db.lists.update({}, {"$pull":{"todo":"laundry"}}) > db.lists.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5518b5201d802f6252d90e7e"), "todo" : [ "dishes", "dry cleaning" ] }
数组的定位修改器	若数组有多个值，我们只想对其中一部分进行操作，需要一定的技巧；数组是已0开始的，可以直接以下标作为键值来选择元素	> db.blog.posts.findOne() {  "_id" : ObjectId("5518b70d1d802f6252d90e7f"),  "content" : "...",  "comments" : [   {    "comment" : "good post",    "votes" : 0   },   {    "comment" : "i thought it was too short",    "author" : "Claire",    "votes" : 3   },   {    "comment" : "free watches",    "author" : "Alice",    "votes" : -1   }  ] } db.blog.posts.update({"_id" : ObjectId("5518b70d1d802f6252d90e7f")}, {"$inc":{"comments.0.votes":1}}) > db.blog.posts.findOne() {  "_id" : ObjectId("5518b70d1d802f6252d90e7f"),  "content" : "...",  "comments" : [   {    "comment" : "good post",    "votes" : 1   },   {    "comment" : "i thought it was too short",    "author" : "Claire",    "votes" : 3   },   {    "comment" : "free watches",    "author" : "Alice",    "votes" : -1   }  ] }
	MongoDB提供了定位操作符"$"，用来定位查询文档已经匹配的元素，并进行更新，当多个符合时，只是修改第一个	> db.blog.posts.findOne() {  "_id" : ObjectId("5518b70d1d802f6252d90e7f"),  "content" : "...",  "comments" : [   {    "comment" : "good post",    "votes" : 1   },   {    "comment" : "i thought it was too short",    "author" : "Claire",    "votes" : 3   },   {    "comment" : "free watches",    "author" : "Alice",    "votes" : -1   }  ] } > db.blog.posts.update({"comments.author":"Alice"}, {"$set":{"comments.$.author":"Jim"}}) > db.blog.posts.findOne() {  "_id" : ObjectId("5518b70d1d802f6252d90e7f"),  "comments" : [   {    "comment" : "good post",    "votes" : 1   },   {    "comment" : "i thought it was too short",    "author" : "Claire",    "votes" : 3   },   {    "author" : "Jim",    "comment" : "free watches",    "votes" : -1   }  ],  "content" : "..." }
upsert (update的第三个参数为true)	upsert是一种特殊的更新，要是没有符合更新条件，就会以这个条件和更新文档为基础创建一个新的文档；如果找到了匹配的文档，则正常更新	> db.math.remove() > db.math.update({"count":25}, {"$inc":{"count":3}}, true) > db.math.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5518be218d926d78f40e93ea"), "count" : 28 }
更新多个文档 (update的第四个参数为true)	在默认的情况下，更新只能对符合匹配的第一个文档进行更新，当需要更新多个文档时，将update的第四个参数设置为true	> db.users.update({birthday : "10/13/1978"},{$set : {gift : "Happy Birthday!"}}, false, true)

参考资料: 《MongoDB权威指南》