vector容器应用----代码详解

1 vector的构造访问遍历

// vector 容器  连续存储空间  动态数组
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#if 0
int main(){
	vector<int> v1; // 无参构造  
	vector<int >v2(10, 5); //构造的同时初始化10 个5;
	// 区间构造
	vector<int>v3(v2.begin(), v2.end());
	int array[] = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0 };
	vector<int>v4(array, array + sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]));
	// 访问任意位置的元素
	vector<int>v5(v4);  // 拷贝构造
	cout << v2[1] << endl;
	// 打印vector中的元素
	for (size_t i = 0; i < v2.size(); ++i){
		cout << v2[i]<<" ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	/*cout << v2.size() << endl;
	cout << v2.capacity() << endl;
	*/

	// 使用迭代器反向遍历 
	auto it = v4.rbegin();
	while (it != v4.rend()){
		cout << *it<<" ";
		it++;
	}
	cout << endl;
	
	// 使用范围for打印 
	for (auto e : v4){
		cout << e << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;
	// 常规遍历
	for (int i = 0; i < v4.size(); ++i){
		cout << v4[i]<<" ";
	}

	cout << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

输出结果

2 使用迭代器对vector进行修改

int main(){
	vector<int>v1(5, 1);
	for (int i = 0; i < v1.size(); ++i){
		cout << v1[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;
	// 使用迭代器进行修改
	auto rit = v1.begin();
	while (rit != v1.end()){
		*rit *= 2;
		rit++;
	}
	auto it = v1.rbegin();
	while (it != v1.rend()){
		cout << *it << " ";
		it++;
	}

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

输出结果

3 vector 中 的capacity的增长问题 (面试题)

int main()
{
	size_t sz;
	vector<int> foo;
	//foo.reserve(100);// xisn
	sz = foo.capacity();
	cout << "making foo grow:\n";
	for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
	{
		foo.push_back(i);
		if (sz != foo.capacity())
		{
			sz = foo.capacity();
		cout << "capacity changed: " << sz << '\n';
		}
	}
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

输出结果

4 迭代器失效问题

int main(){
	vector<int>v1{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 };
	auto it = v1.begin();
	// 插入可能会引起扩容，如果扩容，vector以前空间被释放,就会重新分配新空间
	// it 迭代器就会失效
	v1.push_back(1);
	v1.push_back(2);
	v1.push_back(3);
	v1.push_back(4);
	// 迭代器失效的解决方式：给迭代器重新赋值
	it = v1.begin();
	while (it != v1.end()){
		cout << *it << " ";
		it++;
	}
	cout << endl;
	
	cout << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

输出结果

5 交换两个vector

//  swap  vector
int main(){
	vector<int>v1{ 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 };
	vector<int>v2{ 2, 4, 6, 8, 0 };
	for (int i = 0; i < v1.size(); ++i){
		cout << v1[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;
	v1.swap(v2);
	for (int i = 0; i < v2.size(); ++i){
		cout << v2[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6 从vector 中删除元素

// erasing from vector
int main(){
	vector<int>v1{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 };
	for (auto e : v1){
		cout << e;
	}
	cout << endl;
	// 删除第6个元素 
	v1.erase(v1.begin() + 6);
	for (int i = 0; i < v1.size(); ++i){
		cout << v1[i];
	}
	cout << endl;
	vector<int>v2{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
	// 删除前3个元素
	v2.erase(v2.begin(), v2.begin() + 3);
	for (int i = 0; i < v2.size(); ++i){
		cout << v2[i];
	}
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

输出结果