5月9日,晴转阴,沙尘暴。“一朝春夏改,隔夜鸟花钱迁,阴阳深浅叶,晓夕重轻烟。”
移动时代,Web服务将取代Web网站
随着最近几年智能手机的迅速普及,如今来自智能手机和移动设备的总体Web访问和服务请求量已经超过了传统的PC,这意味着Web时代主流的 Browser/Server的架构重新回到了Mobile Client/Server的架构。在B/S架构下,在服务器端生成完整的HTML页面,我们需要开发一个完整的Website;但在移动时代,服务器端 的功能大大简化了,退化成了Web API调用接口提供者,而复杂的界面构造、交互和运算都是在移动客户端完成的。
传统的Website将越来越让位于Web Service,移动客户端无论是iOS,Android还是HTML5都通过API调用获取服务器端的json/xml格式的数据,无需服务器端生成 HTML页面了。这种B/S架构重新往C/S架构的迁移,也意味着full-stack Web框架将越来越没有用武之地了。
1、创建数据库librarydb,供测试使用. 建立方法见第十一天博客。
2、为了方便转化json字符串,现介绍一个google解析json的好工具gson。比如一个User对象,想要直接转换成{id:1001,name='张三'} 就目前来看,Google的GSON组件不错,而且支持 JDK5 的泛型。
首先,在https://code.google.com/p/google-gson/网站下载google-gson-2.2.4-release.zip,取出gson-2.2.4.jar文件,添加到lib文件夹里。现在看个小例子,热热身:使用Gson处理list和map
package json.mysql;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
public class TestGson {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Gson gson = new Gson();
List testList = new ArrayList();
testList.add("周星驰");
testList.add("冯小刚");
String listToJson = gson.toJson(testList);
System.out.println(listToJson); // prints ["周星驰","冯小刚"]
Map testMap = new HashMap();
testMap.put("周星驰", "喜剧之王");
testMap.put("冯小刚", "甲方乙方");
String mapToJson = gson.toJson(testMap);
System.out.println(mapToJson);// prints {"周星驰":"喜剧之王","冯小刚":"甲方乙方"}
}
}
控制台输出:
["周星驰","冯小刚"]
{"周星驰":"喜剧之王","冯小刚":"甲方乙方"}
3、服务器端(访问MySQL的例子)
(1)工程视图
package json.mysql;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
@WebServlet("/AndroidServlet")
public class AndroidServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
static String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
static String url = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.23.1:3306/librarydb";
static String user = "root";
static String password = "root";
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
List resultList = null;
try {
resultList = getData();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Gson gson = new Gson();
String result = gson.toJson(resultList);
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.write(result);
out.flush();
out.close();
}
private List getData() throws Exception {
List resultList = new ArrayList();
Class.forName(driver);
Connection conn = (Connection) DriverManager.getConnection(url, user,
password);
Statement statement = (Statement) conn.createStatement();
String sql = null;
sql = "select S_Name from student";
ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
while (rs.next()) {
resultList.add(rs.getString("S_Name"));
}
return resultList;
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
(3)运行http://192.168.23.1:8080/ServletForJsonMysql/AndroidServlet注意:IP:192.168.23.1:8080,是WIFI共享精灵设置的虚拟的无线网卡的IP,IP自然由虚拟的无线路由分配,使用手机连接,会自动给手机分配同一网段的IP:如:192.168.23.2。
(1)工程视图
package com.androidjsonmysql;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
JSONArray jArray;
String result = null;
InputStream is = null;
StringBuilder sb = null;
public static final String HTTPCustomer = "http://192.168.23.1:8080/ServletForJsonMysql/AndroidServlet";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
Button b1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
b1.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
EditText tv = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editView);
try {
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(HTTPCustomer);
HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println("status=" + status);
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
Gson gson = new Gson();
List<String> names = gson.fromJson(result,
new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
}.getType());
StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer();
for (String name : names) {
str.append(name);
}
tv.setText(str);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}
}
(3)
main.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".MainActivity" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/button1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="click" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editView"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="HI "
android:textSize="30dip" />
</LinearLayout>
(4)
strings.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<string name="app_name">AndroidJsonMysql</string>
<string name="hello_world">Hello world!</string>
<string name="action_settings">Settings</string>
</resources>
(5)
AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.androidjsonmysql"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="8" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.androidjsonmysql.MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
</manifest>
5、安卓模拟器运行结果