ffmpeg中获取字节流格式的两种方式

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-01 23:56:36 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-01 23:56:36 发布

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分类专栏： ffmpeg 文章标签： ffmpeg

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http://blog.csdn.net/cjsafty/article/details/7037700

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http://www.mentby.com/Group/ffmpeg-user/h264-byte-patterns-format.html

内容为

The h.264 standard is complicated, so the simple algorithm you imply
with this question will almost never work.

The first problem you will face is that there are two different binary
formats defined by the standard: mpeg4 (also called atom), and Annex B.
You somehow need to figure out (or be told) which type of stream you are
receiving.

Then you need to know if your SPS and PPS are in-band or out-of-band. If
they are out-of-band you need to obtain them.

Once you have these things, the rules for finding start-of-frame are
*also* complicated (and are described in the standard.)

For Annex B format, ffmpeg already implements these rules in the
h264_parser in libavcodec. Also, ffmpeg has a bitstream filter for
converting from mpeg4 to Annex B format, which might be helpful to you
(h264_mp4toannexb).

Writing an h264 parser yourself is going to take a lot of knowledge and
effort. You should consider using what ffmpeg already provides.

以下两种情况涉及到H264流和FLV流，为了使数据具有可参照性，请用以下命令行

./ffmpeg -i /home/test.264 -vcodec copy /home/test.flv

将原始H264 字节流封装为flv容器格式。视频信息会完全相同。

1，如果由H264字节流格式去解码，在每次读取一段数据之后（不管每次读多少都可以），都调用av_parser_parse2去分帧，这个函数会将每次读取的264数据进行存储分析，直到得到完整的H264数据为止，然后送出，此时我们可以用avcodec_decode_video2来解码。

那么送出的数据有什么规律呢？对于IDR帧，除了IDR自身的数据外，会连同前面的SPS,PPS,SEI一并合在一起。在avcodec_decode_video2函数里面，包含了对SPS等的解析。

如果是P帧或者B帧，则不会送SPS，PPS等参赛信息。这个也很合理，因为本来就只有IDR帧才需要带参数信息。

2，另外一种情况呢？比如用flv，mp4打包后的video数据，该如何处理？这个时候我们用av_read_frame()函数来反复对flv文件进行读取，读出来的肯定是一个packet，此时我们也可以直接调用avcodec_decode_video2，进行解码。那么packet中的data究竟是什么，我们可以在avcodec_decode_video2函数中看到区别，在H264.C的decode_nal_units中，我们看到如下代码。

if(buf_index >= next_avc) {
if(buf_index >= buf_size) break;
nalsize = 0;
for(i = 0; i < h->nal_length_size; i++)
nalsize = (nalsize << 8) | buf[buf_index++];
if(nalsize <= 0 || nalsize > buf_size - buf_index){
av_log(h->s.avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "AVC: nal size %d\n", nalsize);
break;
}
next_avc= buf_index + nalsize;
} else {
// start code prefix search
for(; buf_index + 3 < next_avc; buf_index++){
// This should always succeed in the first iteration.
if(buf[buf_index] == 0 && buf[buf_index+1] == 0 && buf[buf_index+2] == 1)
break;
}

if(buf_index+3 >= buf_size) break;

buf_index+=3;
if(buf_index >= next_avc) continue;
}