#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class ClxBase{
public:
ClxBase() {};
~ClxBase() {cout << "Output from the destructor of class ClxBase!" << endl;};
void DoSomething() { cout << "Do something in class ClxBase!" << endl; };
};
class ClxDerived : public ClxBase{
public:
ClxDerived() {};
~ClxDerived() { cout << "Output from the destructor of class ClxDerived!" << endl; };
void DoSomething() { cout << "Do something in class ClxDerived!" << endl; };
};
int main(){
ClxDerived *p = new ClxDerived;
p->DoSomething();
delete p;
return 0;
}
输出结果:
Do something in class ClxDerived!
Output from the destructor of class ClxDerived!
Output from the destructor of class ClxBase!
第二段程序
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class ClxBase{
public:
ClxBase() {};
~ClxBase() {cout << "Output from the destructor of class ClxBase!" << endl;};
void DoSomething() { cout << "Do something in class ClxBase!" << endl; };
};
class ClxDerived : public ClxBase{
public:
ClxDerived() {};
~ClxDerived() { cout << "Output from the destructor of class ClxDerived!" << endl; };
void DoSomething() { cout << "Do something in class ClxDerived!" << endl; }
};
int main(){
ClxBase *p = new ClxDerived;
p->DoSomething();
delete p;
return 0;
}
结果:
Do something in class ClxBase!
Output from the destructor of class ClxBase!
这样由于使用的不是虚函数,这样删除只是删除一部分,会造成内存泄漏。执行的也是基类的函数。
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class ClxBase{
public:
ClxBase() {};
virtual ~ClxBase() {cout << "Output from the destructor of class ClxBase!" << endl;};
virtual void DoSomething() { cout << "Do something in class ClxBase!" << endl; };
};
class ClxDerived : public ClxBase{
public:
ClxDerived() {};
~ClxDerived() { cout << "Output from the destructor of class ClxDerived!" << endl; };
void DoSomething() { cout << "Do something in class ClxDerived!" << endl; };
};
int main(){
ClxBase *p = new ClxDerived;
p->DoSomething();
delete p;
return 0;
}
结果是
Do something in class ClxDerived!
Output from the destructor of class ClxDerived!
Output from the destructor of class ClxBase!
这段代码中基类的析构函数被定义为虚函数,在main函数中用基类的指针去操作继承类的成员,释放指针P的过程是:只是释放了继承类的资源,再调用基类的析构函数.调用dosomething()函数执行的也是继承类定义的函数. 如果不需要基类对派生类及对象进行操作,则不能定义虚函数,因为这样会增加内存开销.当类里面有定义虚函数的时候,编译器会给类添加一个虚函数表,里面来存放虚函数指针,这样就会增加类的存储空间.所以,只有当一个类被用来作为基类的时候,才把析构函数写成虚函