Spring Mvc那点事---(7)Spring Mvc @Autowired注解

        Spring中的类中定义的变量，方法，构造函数通过标注@Autowired注解可以从配置文件中找到相应的bean,完成自动装配的工作。默认情况下，@Autowired是按类型来匹配相应的bean,也可以通过名称来匹配，需要设置名称。

       如果想使@Autowired注解生效，需要在配置文件中添加AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor，通过这个，系统将自动解析bean

  <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>  

     1.@Autowired按类型装配

         下面我们先建立一个UserDao类，        

package com.springfirst.Controller;

public class UserDao {
	
	public  String GetUserName()
	{
		
		return "Hello World";
	}

}

IUserService  接口    

package com.springfirst.Controller;

public interface IUserService {

	public  String GetUserName();
}

UserService类

package com.springfirst.Controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class UserService implements IUserService {

	@Autowired
	private UserDao userDao; 
	
	public String GetUserName() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return userDao.GetUserName();
	}

}

 在controller中我们定义userService,系统会进行自动匹配装载，找到userService的具体实现

	@Autowired
	private IUserService userService;
	
	
	@RequestMapping(value="userdetail")
	public String userdetail(ModelMap model)
	{
		String name=userService.GetUserName();
		System.out.print(name);
		model.addAttribute("username",name);
		return "userdetail";
	}

  配置文件      

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:repo="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository/spring-repository-1.7.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd "
    default-lazy-init="true">

    <description>Spring配置</description>
 <!-- 该 BeanPostProcessor 将自动起作用，对标注 @Autowired 的 Bean 进行自动注入 -->  
    <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>  
    
 <bean id="userService" class="com.springfirst.Controller.UserService"/>
  <bean id="userDao" class="com.springfirst.Controller.UserDao"/>
  
</beans>

上面的自动装配是按类型进行匹配的，Spring会自动从配置文件中找到相应的类型，进行装载

         使用方法进行注解  

	private IUserService userService;
	
	@Autowired()
	public void setUserService(IUserService userService) {
		this.userService = userService;
	}

           使用构造函数进行注解     

private IUserService userService;

	@Autowired
	public  UserController(IUserService userService)
	{
		this.userService=userService;
		
	}

          2.@Autowired按名称装配

               按名称装载的时候,@Autowired需要配合@Qualifier一起使用，通过@Qualifier可以指定名称。
               如果两个类同时继承一个接口，这个时候我们要通过@Qualifier来指定名称进行匹配，所谓名称就是XML文件中的bean的id, 这里我们定义了Employee类和UserService类都继承IUserService接口

               如果有两个类同时继承一个接口，使用的时候如果不通过名称指定，会报异常。

package com.springfirst.Controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class Employee implements IUserService {

	
	
	public String GetUserName() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return  "Employee";
	}

}

          

       

package com.springfirst.Controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class UserService implements IUserService {

	@Autowired
	private UserDao userDao; 
	
	public String GetUserName() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return userDao.GetUserName();
	}

}

            在xml中定义了bean

         

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:repo="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository/spring-repository-1.7.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd "
    default-lazy-init="true">

    <description>Spring配置</description>
 <!-- 该 BeanPostProcessor 将自动起作用，对标注 @Autowired 的 Bean 进行自动注入 -->  
    <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>  
    
 <bean id="userService" class="com.springfirst.Controller.UserService"/>
  <bean id="employee" class="com.springfirst.Controller.Employee"/>
  <bean id="userDao" class="com.springfirst.Controller.UserDao"/>
  
</beans>

            在Controller中我们指定使用名称为 userService的bean，通过@ Qualifier  指定，代码如下

          

	private IUserService userService;

	 //这里我们使用id为userService的bean
	@Autowired
	public  UserController(@Qualifier("userService")IUserService userService)
	{
		this.userService=userService;
		
	}