【Java】枚举类

1. 枚举类是类的对象只有有限个，确定的
2. 如果枚举类中只有一个对象，则可作为单例模式的实现方式

使用enum关键字定义枚举类

enum类默认继承于java.lang.Enum类，已经重写了toString方法，输出对象的名字

public class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season summer = Season.SUMMER;
        System.out.println(summer);

        //values方法
        Season[] values = Season.values();
        for(int i=0;i<values.length;i++){
            System.out.println(values[i]);
        }
	//valueOf
	Season winter = Season.valueOf("WINTER");
	System.out.println(winter);//WINTER
	
	Season winter1 = Season.valueOf("WINTER1");//抛异常
	System.out.println(winter1);
	}
}

enum Season{
    //1. 提供当前枚举类的对象，多个对象之间用”，“隔开，末尾用”；“结束
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //2. 声明Season对象的属性：private final修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    Season(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }
}

Enum类常用方法

values() 方法

返回枚举类型的对象数组。 可以很方便地遍历所有的枚举值

public class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season summer = Season.SUMMER;
        System.out.println(summer);

        //values方法
        Season[] values = Season.values();
        for(int i=0;i<values.length;i++){
            System.out.println(values[i]);
       	/*
       	输出
       	SUMMER
	SPRING
	SUMMER
	AUTUMN
	WINTER
	*/
        }
    }
}

valueOf() 方法

valueOf(String objName) 返回枚举类中对象名是objName的对象。如果没有objName的枚举类对象，则抛异常：IllegalArgumentException

//valueOf
Season winter = Season.valueOf("WINTER");
System.out.println(winter);//WINTER

Season winter1 = Season.valueOf("WINTER1");//抛异常
System.out.println(winter1);

使用enum关键字定义的枚举类实现接口的情况

情况一： 原来实现接口的方式 重写方法
情况二： 让枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的抽象方法

package com.flora.java2;

/**
 * @author flora
 * @create 2020-10-18 17:25
 */
public class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season summer = Season.SUMMER;
        System.out.println(summer);

        //values方法
        Season[] values = Season.values();
        for(int i=0;i<values.length;i++){
            System.out.println(values[i]);
        }
        //valueOf
        Season winter = Season.valueOf("WINTER");
        System.out.println(winter);//WINTER

        Season.SPRING.show();//春天在哪里

    }
}

interface Info{
    void show();//抽象方法
}

enum Season implements Info{
    //1. 提供当前枚举类的对象，多个对象之间用”，“隔开，末尾用”；“结束
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("春天在哪里");
        }
    },
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("宁夏");
        }
    },
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("秋天在哪里");
        }
    },
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("大约在冬季");
        }
    };

    //2. 声明Season对象的属性：private final修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    Season(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }
}