赋值构造与禁用-GCC 4.9编译通过

赋值构造在如下二种情况下被触发：

 1. 对象以值传递方式从函数返回，且接受返回值的对象已经初始化过
 2. 对象直接赋值给另一个对象，且接受值的对象已经初始化过

#include <stdio.h>
class A {
public:
    int* x;
    int y;
    A() = default;
    A (const A& a) {
        printf ("拷贝构造\n");
        this->x = a.x;
        this->y = a.y;
    }

    A& operator= (const A& a) {
        printf ("赋值构造\n");
        this->x = a.x;
        this->y = a.y;
        return *this;
    }
    A (int t) {
        x = new int (0);
        y = t;
        printf ("address: %x, point: %x, value: %d\n", this, x, y);
    }
    ~A() {
        printf ("delete %x\n", this);
    }
};

A f () {
    A ret (3);
    printf ("stack address: %x, point: %x, value: %d\n", &ret, ret.x, ret.y);
    return ret;
}
void g (A ret) {
    printf ("stack address: %x, point: %x, value: %d\n", &ret, ret.x, ret.y);
}

1.对象以值传递方式从函数返回，且接受返回值的对象已经初始化过

int main() {
    A c;
    c = f();
    printf ("global address: %x, point: %x, value: %d\n", &c, c.x, c.y);
    return 0;
}

Output:

address: 983c4a80, point: 1c6ec20, value: 3
stack address: 983c4a80, point: 1c6ec20, value: 3
赋值构造
delete 983c4a80
global address: 983c4a70, point: 1c6ec20, value: 3
delete 983c4a70

2.对象直接赋值给另一个对象，且接受值的对象已经初始化过

int main() {
    A a(1);
    A c;
    c = a;
    printf ("global address: %x, point: %x, value: %d\n", &c, c.x, c.y);
    return 0;
}

Output:

address: b12903c0, point: 1531c20, value: 1
赋值构造
global address: b12903d0, point: 1531c20, value: 1
delete b12903d0
delete b12903c0

赋值构造禁用
1.将赋值运算符声明为私有，并不予实现
class Uncopyable
{
private:
Uncopyable &operator=(const Uncopyable &);
};
2.使用delete
class Uncopyable
{
Uncopyable &operator=(const Uncopyable &)=delete;
};