黑马程序员—JAVA线程间通讯问题

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死锁现象：

示例：

class Test implements Runnable 

{ 

         private boolean flag; 

         Test(boolean flag) 

         { 

                 this.flag = flag; 

         }   

         public void run() 

         { 

                 if(flag) 

                 { 

                          while(true) 

                          { 

                                   synchronized(MyLock.locka) 

                                   { 

                                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...if locka "); 

                                            synchronized(MyLock.lockb) 

                                            { 

                                                     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"..if lockb");                                 

                                            } 

                                   } 

                          } 

                 } 

                 else 

                 { 

                          while(true) 

                          { 

                                   synchronized(MyLock.lockb) 

                                   { 

                                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"..else lockb"); 

                                            synchronized(MyLock.locka) 

                                            { 

                                                     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+".....else locka"); 

                                            } 

                                   } 

                          } 

                 } 

         } 

} 

class MyLock 

{ 

         static Object locka = new Object(); 

         static Object lockb = new Object(); 

}   

class  DeadLockTest 

{ 

         public static void main(String[] args)  

         { 

                 Thread t1 = new Thread(new Test(true)); 

                 Thread t2 = new Thread(new Test(false)); 

                 t1.start(); 

                 t2.start(); 

         } 

} 

原因分析： 

同步中嵌套同步，而两个同步用的不是同一个锁对象，会出现死锁情况。 

线程间的通讯：

其实就是多个线程在操作同一个资源，但是操作的动作不同。 

以生产者和消费者的代码例子总结：   

class ProducerConsumerDemo  

{ 

         public static void main(String[] args)  

         { 

                 Resource r = new Resource();   

                 Producer pro = new Producer(r); 

                 Consumer con = new Consumer(r); 

                 //创建四个线程 

                 Thread t1 = new Thread(pro); 

                 Thread t2 = new Thread(pro); 

                 Thread t3 = new Thread(con); 

                 Thread t4 = new Thread(con);   

                 t1.start(); 

                 t2.start(); 

                 t3.start(); 

                 t4.start();   

         } 

}   

class Resource 

{ 

         private String name; 

         private int count = 1; 

         private boolean flag = false; 

         public synchronized void set(String name) 

         { 

                 while(flag)//当使用if时会出现生产一个消费多个或者生产多个消费一个的情况 

                          try{this.wait();}catch(Exception e){}                         

this.name = name+"--"+count++; 

         System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...生产者.."+this.name); 

                 flag = true; 

                 this.notifyAll();//如果用notify()方法会出现全部等待的情况 

         }   

         public synchronized void out() 

         { 

                 while(!flag) 

                          try{wait();}catch(Exception e){}         

	        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...消费者........."+this.name); 

                 flag = false; 

                 this.notifyAll(); 

         } 

}   

class Producer implements Runnable 

{ 

         private Resource res;   

         Producer(Resource res) 

         { 

                 this.res = res; 

         } 

         public void run() 

         { 

                 while(true) 

                 { 

                          res.set("+商品+"); 

                 } 

         } 

}   

class Consumer implements Runnable 

{ 

         private Resource res; 

         Consumer(Resource res) 

         { 

                 this.res = res; 

         } 

         public void run() 

         { 

                 while(true) 

                 { 

                          res.out(); 

                 } 

         } 

} 

总结： 

对于多个生产者和消费者。为什么要定义while判断标记。 

原因：让被唤醒的线程再一次判断标记。 

为什么定义notifyAll， 

因为需要唤醒对方线程。因为只用notify，容易出现只唤醒本方线程的情况。导致程序中的所有线程都等待。 

JDK1.5 中提供了多线程升级解决方案。 

将同步Synchronized替换成现实Lock操作。 

将Object中的wait，notify notifyAll，替换了Condition对象。 

该对象可以Lock锁 进行获取。 

该示例中，实现了本方只唤醒对方操作。 

Lock:替代了Synchronized 

         lock  

         unlock 

         newCondition() 

Condition：替代了Object wait notify notifyAll 

         await(); 

         signal(); 

         signalAll(); 

代码示例：

class Resource 

{ 

         private String name; 

         private int count = 1; 

         private boolean flag = false; 

         private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); 

         private Condition condition_pro = lock.newCondition(); 

         private Condition condition_con = lock.newCondition(); 

         public  void set(String name)throws InterruptedException 

         { 

                 lock.lock(); 

                 try 

                 { 

                          while(flag) 

                                   condition_pro.await();//t1,t2 

                          this.name = name+"--"+count++; 

                          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...生产者.."+this.name); 

                          flag = true; 

                          condition_con.signal(); 

                 } 

                 finally 

                 { 

                          lock.unlock();//释放锁的动作一定要执行。 

                 } 

         }     

         public  void out()throws InterruptedException 

         { 

                 lock.lock(); 

                 try 

                 { 

                          while(!flag) 

                                   condition_con.await(); 

                          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...消费者........."+this.name); 

                          flag = false; 

                          condition_pro.signal(); 

                 } 

                 finally 

                 { 

                          lock.unlock(); 

                 }                   

         } 

}