Android开发之一个关于Android for Service的实例--alarmService

    Service是在一段不定的时间运行在后台，不和用户交互应用组件。每个Service必须在manifest中 通过<service>来声明。可以通过contect.startservice和contect.bindserverice来启动。

    Service和其他的应用组件一样，运行在进程的主线程中。这就是说如果service需要很多耗时或者阻塞的操作，需要在其子线程中实现。

    service的两种模式（startService()/bindService()不是完全分离的）：

    下面我们先来看一个有关音乐播放的Service实例：

     主界面的Activity:

   

package com.example.alarmservice;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;

public class PlayService extends Activity {
	//private static alarmService  as = null; 
	Button start, stop;
	boolean k = false;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //as = this;
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        start = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start);
        stop = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stop);
        OnClickListener ol = new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				if(v == start){
					//当按动start时，打开Service
					startService(new Intent(
							"com.example.alarmservice.PlayService.START_AUDIO_SERVICE"));
				}if(v == stop){
					//当按动stop时，关闭Service
					stopService(new Intent(
					"com.example.alarmservice.PlayService.START_AUDIO_SERVICE"));
					finish();
				}
				
			}
		};
		start.setOnClickListener(ol);
		stop.setOnClickListener(ol);
    }
}

上面代码中提到了一个服务："com.example.alarmservice.PlayService.START_AUDIO_SERVICE"，这个服务是要在Manifest中注册的，至于名字，可以随意，但要有一定规律，便于使用，通常用：包名+服务名+常量

下载是注册部分的代码：（注册需要在Aplication中进行）

 <service android:name=".Music">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.example.alarmservice.PlayService.START_AUDIO_SERVICE"/>
               <category android:name="android.intent.category.default"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </service>

这个代码中，又提到了一个Music，这是我们Service的核心部分：

 

package com.example.alarmservice;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.os.IBinder;

public class Music extends Service {
	MediaPlayer mp ;
	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public void onDestroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onDestroy();
		mp.stop();
	}

	@Override
	public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onStart(intent, startId);
		mp = MediaPlayer.create(this, R.raw.tank);
		mp.start();
	}
	

}

 布局文件非常简单，就不列出了，这样做成Service的好处是，我们的音乐是在后台播放的，不会影响主线程

 

下面是一个复杂一点的例子，是关于定时反应的程序：alamService

先上主界面：

package com.example.alarmservice;

import java.util.Calendar;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlarmManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;

public class alarmService extends Activity {
	private static alarmService  as = null; 
	Button call, exit, play;
	boolean k = false;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        as = this;
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        call = (Button) findViewById(R.id.call);
        exit = (Button) findViewById(R.id.exit);
        play = (Button) findViewById(R.id.play);
        OnClickListener ol = new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				if(v == call){//点此计时开始，改变标题名，5s后，就会再次改变标题的
					setTitle("Waiting...Alarm=5");
					Intent intent = new Intent(alarmService.this, AlarmReceiver.class);
					PendingIntent p_intent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
							alarmService.this, 0, intent, 0);
					Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
					calendar.setTimeInMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
					calendar.add(Calendar.SECOND, 5);
					AlarmManager am = (AlarmManager) getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
					am.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, calendar.getTimeInMillis(), p_intent);
					
					
				}if(v == exit){
					Intent intent = new Intent(alarmService.this, AlarmReceiver.class);
					PendingIntent p_intent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
							alarmService.this, 0, intent, 0);
					AlarmManager am = (AlarmManager) getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
					am.cancel(p_intent);
					finish();
				}if(v == play){
					Intent i = new Intent(alarmService.this, PlayService.class);
					startActivity(i);
				}
				
			}
		};
		call.setOnClickListener(ol);
		exit.setOnClickListener(ol);
		

    }
    public static alarmService getApp() {
		return as;
	}

	public void btEvent(String data) {
		setTitle(data);
	}
    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu);
        return true;
    }
}

注册Service:

这是另外一种注册方式

<receiver android:name=".AlarmReceiver"></receiver>

<service android:name=".NotifyService"></service>

这种方式需要另一个Receiver支持

package com.example.alarmservice;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;


public class AlarmReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

	@Override
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
		context.startService(new Intent(context, NotifyService.class));
		
	}

}

最后是Service:

package com.example.alarmservice;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class NotifyService extends Service {

	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
	}
	public void onCreate(){
		alarmService as = alarmService.getApp();
		as.btEvent("from NotifyService");
		Toast.makeText(this, "hi, myicel", Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
	}

}

更多有关Service

注：在第二次运行的时候会有一小问题，点击之后标题不会恢复，这是Service没有关闭的原因，关闭就好了