7、设计模式介绍：网页对象 【Selenium+Python3网页自动化总结】

Page Objects design pattern: 页面对象模式是为网页的每个部分创建一个对象，用面向对象的方式来操作网页元素。这种技术有助于在测试代码和实际与网页交互的代码之间建立分离。这种模式通常划分为三个类：Page，PageElements和Locators。

使用网页对象模式的好处：

1. 测试用例更易读
2. 减少重复代码的量
3. 代码可重用，便于测试用例之间共享
4. 封装变化，减少修改量

• Locators类

将网页元素的定位信息都封装在一个类里面，建议每个网页定义一个Locator类。

#locators.py

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class MainPageLocators(object):

    """A class for main page locators. All main page locators should come here"""


    SUBMIT_BUTTON = (By.ID, 'submit')


class SubPageLocators(object):

    """A class for other sub page locators."""

   RESULT_TABLE= (By.ID, 'query_result')

• Elements类

实现对网页元素的读写通用操作。

#element.py

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait


class BasePageElement(object):

    """Base page class that is initialized on every page object class."""


    def __set__(self, obj, value):

        """Sets the text to the value supplied"""


        driver = obj.driver

        WebDriverWait(driver, 100).until(

            lambda driver: driver.find_element(By.NAME, self.locator))

        driver.find_element(By.NAME, self.locator).clear()

        driver.find_element(By.NAME, self.locator).send_keys(value)


    def __get__(self, obj, owner):

        """Gets the text of the specified object"""


        driver = obj.driver

        WebDriverWait(driver, 100).until(

            lambda driver: driver.find_element(By.NAME, self.locator))

        element = driver.find_element(By.NAME, self.locator)

        return element.get_attribute("value")

• Page类

调用前面两个类，实现对每个网页的内容读取、点击等操作。

#page.py

from element import BasePageElement

from locators import MainPageLocators


class SearchTextElement(BasePageElement):

    """This class gets the search text from the specified locator"""


    #The locator for search box where search string is entered

    locator = 'q'



class BasePage(object):

    """Base class to initialize the base page that will be called from all

    pages"""


    def __init__(self, driver):

        self.driver = driver



class MainPage(BasePage):

    """Home page action methods come here. I.e. Python.org"""


    #Declares a variable that will contain the retrieved text

    search_text_element = SearchTextElement()


    def is_title_matches(self):

        """Verifies that the hardcoded text "Python" appears in page title"""


        return "Python" in self.driver.title


    def click_submit_button(self):

        """Triggers the search"""


        element = self.driver.find_element(*MainPageLocators.SUBMIT_BUTTON)

        element.click()



class SearchResultsPage(BasePage):

    """Search results page action methods come here"""


    def is_results_found(self):

        # Probably should search for this text in the specific page

        # element, but as for now it works fine

        return "No results found." not in self.driver.page_source

应用实例：一个测试用例

 

import unittest

from selenium import webdriver

import page


class PythonOrgSearch(unittest.TestCase):

    """A sample test class to show how page object works"""


    def setUp(self):

        self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()

        self.driver.get("http://www.python.org")


    def test_search_in_python_org(self):

        main_page = page.MainPage(self.driver)

        self.assertTrue(main_page.is_title_matches(), "python.org title doesn't match.")

        main_page.search_text_element = "pycon"

        main_page.click_go_button()

        search_results_page = page.SearchResultsPage(self.driver)

        self.assertTrue(search_results_page.is_results_found(), "No results found.")


    def tearDown(self):

        self.driver.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":

    unittest.main()