Emgu CV4图像处理之形状 (三角形, 矩形, 圆形, 直线) 检测3(C#)

本文翻译自：Shape (Triangle, Rectangle, Circle, Line) Detection in CSharp - Emgu CV: OpenCV in .NET (C#, VB, C++ and more)

环境搭建参考：

Emgu CV4图像处理之环境搭建1(C#)_zxy2847225301的博客-CSDN博客

从图像文件中加载并检测参考：

Emgu CV3+C#图像处理（六）：霍夫圆检测/线检测 & 矩形/三角形检测_阿卡蒂奥的博客-CSDN博客_霍夫矩形检测

测试环境：

win10  64位

vistual studio 2019  (.net framework控制台程序)

Emgu CV 4.6.0

添加的dll引用和环境搭建的一样

本文要实现的效果是从摄像头中采集图像，然后送进public static Mat ProcessImage(Mat img)方法进行图像处理

详细代码如下：

static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ImageViewer viewer = new ImageViewer(); //create an image viewer
            VideoCapture capture = new VideoCapture(); //create a camera captue
            Application.Idle += new EventHandler(delegate (object sender, EventArgs e)
            {  //run this until application closed (close button click on image viewer)
                Mat mat=capture.QueryFrame();
                if (mat != null)
                {
                    viewer.Image = ProcessImage(mat); //绘制从摄像头采集到的图片到ImageViewer中显示  draw the image obtained from camera
                }
                
            });
            viewer.ShowDialog(); //show the image viewer
        }



        public static Mat ProcessImage(Mat img)
        {
            using (UMat gray = new UMat())
            using (UMat cannyEdges = new UMat())
            using (Mat triangleRectangleImage = new Mat(img.Size, DepthType.Cv8U, 3)) //image to draw triangles and rectangles on  三角形和矩形
            using (Mat circleImage = new Mat(img.Size, DepthType.Cv8U, 3)) //image to draw circles on  圆形
            using (Mat lineImage = new Mat(img.Size, DepthType.Cv8U, 3)) //image to drtaw lines on  直线
            {
                //将图片转为灰度图和降噪Convert the image to grayscale and filter out the noise
                CvInvoke.CvtColor(img, gray, ColorConversion.Bgr2Gray);

                //去除噪声Remove noise
                CvInvoke.GaussianBlur(gray, gray, new Size(3, 3), 1);

                #region  圆形检测circle detection
                double cannyThreshold = 180.0;
                double circleAccumulatorThreshold = 120;
                CircleF[] circles = CvInvoke.HoughCircles(gray, HoughModes.Gradient, 2.0, 20.0, cannyThreshold,
                    circleAccumulatorThreshold, 5);
                #endregion

                #region 边缘检测Canny and edge detection
                double cannyThresholdLinking = 120.0;
                CvInvoke.Canny(gray, cannyEdges, cannyThreshold, cannyThresholdLinking);
                LineSegment2D[] lines = CvInvoke.HoughLinesP(
                    cannyEdges,
                    1, //Distance resolution in pixel-related units
                    Math.PI / 45.0, //Angle resolution measured in radians.
                    20, //threshold
                    30, //min Line width
                    10); //gap between lines
                #endregion

                #region 查找三角形和矩形  Find triangles and rectangles
                List<Triangle2DF> triangleList = new List<Triangle2DF>();
                List<RotatedRect> boxList = new List<RotatedRect>(); //a box is a rotated rectangle
                using (VectorOfVectorOfPoint contours = new VectorOfVectorOfPoint())
                {
                    CvInvoke.FindContours(cannyEdges, contours, null, RetrType.List,
                        ChainApproxMethod.ChainApproxSimple);
                    int count = contours.Size;
                    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
                    {
                        using (VectorOfPoint contour = contours[i])
                        using (VectorOfPoint approxContour = new VectorOfPoint())
                        {
                            CvInvoke.ApproxPolyDP(contour, approxContour, CvInvoke.ArcLength(contour, true) * 0.05,
                                true);
                            if (CvInvoke.ContourArea(approxContour, false) > 250
                            ) //only consider contours with area greater than 250
                            {
                                if (approxContour.Size == 3) //The contour has 3 vertices, it is a triangle
                                {
                                    Point[] pts = approxContour.ToArray();
                                    triangleList.Add(new Triangle2DF(
                                        pts[0],
                                        pts[1],
                                        pts[2]
                                    ));
                                }
                                else if (approxContour.Size == 4) //The contour has 4 vertices.
                                {
                                    #region determine if all the angles in the contour are within [80, 100] degree
                                    bool isRectangle = true;
                                    Point[] pts = approxContour.ToArray();
                                    LineSegment2D[] edges = PointCollection.PolyLine(pts, true);

                                    for (int j = 0; j < edges.Length; j++)
                                    {
                                        double angle = Math.Abs(
                                            edges[(j + 1) % edges.Length].GetExteriorAngleDegree(edges[j]));
                                        if (angle < 80 || angle > 100)
                                        {
                                            isRectangle = false;
                                            break;
                                        }
                                    }

                                    #endregion

                                    if (isRectangle) boxList.Add(CvInvoke.MinAreaRect(approxContour));
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                #endregion

                #region 绘制Triangles and Rectangles文本到triangleRectangleImage中  draw triangles and rectangles
                triangleRectangleImage.SetTo(new MCvScalar(0));
                foreach (Triangle2DF triangle in triangleList)
                {
                    CvInvoke.Polylines(triangleRectangleImage, Array.ConvertAll(triangle.GetVertices(), Point.Round),
                        true, new Bgr(Color.DarkBlue).MCvScalar, 2);
                }

                foreach (RotatedRect box in boxList)
                {
                    CvInvoke.Polylines(triangleRectangleImage, Array.ConvertAll(box.GetVertices(), Point.Round), true,
                        new Bgr(Color.DarkOrange).MCvScalar, 2);
                }

                //Drawing a light gray frame around the image
                CvInvoke.Rectangle(triangleRectangleImage,
                    new Rectangle(Point.Empty,
                        new Size(triangleRectangleImage.Width - 1, triangleRectangleImage.Height - 1)),
                    new MCvScalar(120, 120, 120));
                //绘制Triangles and Rectangles文本  Draw the labels
                CvInvoke.PutText(triangleRectangleImage, "Triangles and Rectangles", new Point(20, 20),
                    FontFace.HersheyDuplex, 0.5, new MCvScalar(120, 120, 120));
                #endregion

                #region 绘制Circles文本到circleImage图中   draw circles
                circleImage.SetTo(new MCvScalar(0));
                foreach (CircleF circle in circles)
                    CvInvoke.Circle(circleImage, Point.Round(circle.Center), (int)circle.Radius,
                        new Bgr(Color.Brown).MCvScalar, 2);

                //Drawing a light gray frame around the image
                CvInvoke.Rectangle(circleImage,
                    new Rectangle(Point.Empty, new Size(circleImage.Width - 1, circleImage.Height - 1)),
                    new MCvScalar(120, 120, 120));
                //Draw the labels
                CvInvoke.PutText(circleImage, "Circles", new Point(20, 20), FontFace.HersheyDuplex, 0.5,
                    new MCvScalar(120, 120, 120));
                #endregion

                #region 把Lines文本绘制到图lineImage中  draw lines
                lineImage.SetTo(new MCvScalar(0));
                foreach (LineSegment2D line in lines)
                    CvInvoke.Line(lineImage, line.P1, line.P2, new Bgr(Color.Green).MCvScalar, 2);
                //Drawing a light gray frame around the image
                CvInvoke.Rectangle(lineImage,
                    new Rectangle(Point.Empty, new Size(lineImage.Width - 1, lineImage.Height - 1)),
                    new MCvScalar(120, 120, 120));
                //绘制Lines文本  Draw the labels
                CvInvoke.PutText(lineImage, "Lines", new Point(20, 20), FontFace.HersheyDuplex, 0.5,
                    new MCvScalar(120, 120, 120));
                #endregion

                Mat result = new Mat();
                //将原图img、三角形和矩形triangleRectangleImage、圆形circleImage、直线lineImage整合到result图中
                CvInvoke.VConcat(new Mat[] { img, triangleRectangleImage, circleImage, lineImage }, result);
                return result;
            }
        }

实现效果如下图(鼠标滚轮缩小一点就能看到了)：