字典树

理解很简单，但是我对指针不太熟悉，明天先把指针再看看，再回来学
学习链接;http://www.cnblogs.com/tanky_woo/archive/2010/09/24/1833717.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/binyue/p/3771040.html
http://blog.csdn.net/jiutianhe/article/details/8076835
http://blog.csdn.net/hihozoo/article/details/51248823
http://www.cnblogs.com/Bob-FD/p/3378379.html

#include<stdio.h>

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

#define ALPHABET_SIZE 26

typedef struct trie_node
{
    int count;   // 记录该节点代表的单词的个数
    trie_node *children[ALPHABET_SIZE]; // 各个子节点
}*trie;

trie_node* create_trie_node()
{
    trie_node* pNode = new trie_node();
    pNode->count = 0;
    for(int i=0; i<ALPHABET_SIZE; ++i)
        pNode->children[i] = NULL;
    return pNode;
}

void trie_insert(trie root, char* key)
{
    trie_node* node = root;
    char* p = key;
    while(*p)
    {
        if(node->children[*p-'a'] == NULL)
        {
            node->children[*p-'a'] = create_trie_node();
        }
        node = node->children[*p-'a'];
        ++p;
    }
    node->count += 1;
}

/**
 * 查询：不存在返回0，存在返回出现的次数
 */
int trie_search(trie root, char* key)
{
    trie_node* node = root;
    char* p = key;
    while(*p && node!=NULL)
    {
        node = node->children[*p-'a'];
        ++p;
    }

    if(node == NULL)
        return 0;
    else
        return node->count;
}

int main()
{
    // 关键字集合

    char keys[][8] = {"the", "a", "there", "answer", "any", "by", "bye", "their"};

    trie root = create_trie_node();

    // 创建trie树

    for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
        trie_insert(root, keys[i]);

    // 检索字符串

    char s[][32] = {"Present in trie", "Not present in trie"};

    printf("%s --- %s\n", "the", trie_search(root, "the")>0?s[0]:s[1]);
    printf("%s --- %s\n", "these", trie_search(root, "these")>0?s[0]:s[1]);
    printf("%s --- %s\n", "their", trie_search(root, "their")>0?s[0]:s[1]);
    printf("%s --- %s\n", "thaw", trie_search(root, "thaw")>0?s[0]:s[1]);

    return 0;
}