LeetCode-380. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1)

Description

Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time.

insert(val): Inserts an item val to the set if not already present.
remove(val): Removes an item val from the set if present.
getRandom: Returns a random element from current set of elements. Each element must have the same probability of being returned.

Example

// Init an empty set.
RandomizedSet randomSet = new RandomizedSet();

// Inserts 1 to the set. Returns true as 1 was inserted successfully.
randomSet.insert(1);

// Returns false as 2 does not exist in the set.
randomSet.remove(2);

// Inserts 2 to the set, returns true. Set now contains [1,2].
randomSet.insert(2);

// getRandom should return either 1 or 2 randomly.
randomSet.getRandom();

// Removes 1 from the set, returns true. Set now contains [2].
randomSet.remove(1);

// 2 was already in the set, so return false.
randomSet.insert(2);

// Since 2 is the only number in the set, getRandom always return 2.
randomSet.getRandom();

Solution 1(C++)

class RandomizedSet {
public:
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    RandomizedSet() {

    }

    /** Inserts a value to the set. Returns true if the set did not already contain the specified element. */
    bool insert(int val) {
        if (m.find(val) != m.end()) return false;
        nums.emplace_back(val);
        m[val] = nums.size() - 1;
        return true;
    }

    /** Removes a value from the set. Returns true if the set contained the specified element. */
    bool remove(int val) {
        if (m.find(val) == m.end()) return false;
        int last = nums.back();
        m[last] = m[val];
        nums[m[val]] = last;
        nums.pop_back();
        m.erase(val);
        return true;
    }

    /** Get a random element from the set. */
    int getRandom() {
        return nums[rand() % nums.size()];
    }
private:
    vector<int> nums;
    unordered_map<int, int> m;
};

/**
 * Your RandomizedSet object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * RandomizedSet obj = new RandomizedSet();
 * bool param_1 = obj.insert(val);
 * bool param_2 = obj.remove(val);
 * int param_3 = obj.getRandom();
 */

算法分析

其实主要难点就在于删除，要利用vector实现常数运算时间的删除，其实可以通过“替换”实现，那就是再删除vector最后一个元素之前，让应该删除的元素等于最后一个元素，这样就实现了通过替换来完成vector的删除。

毕竟vector的删除是线性时间长度，但是删除最后一个元素与插入末尾元素都是常熟时间。

这一道题主要结合了两种容器，挺好的。

程序分析

略