使用python smtplib封装一个上下文管理器发送邮件

好久不写博客了，发现工作中常用的功能还是还要总结记录的，不然下次遇到又要重新写一遍，重复造轮子真的很浪费时间。扯多了，上代码…

代码示例

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import logging

class MailConf(object):
    HOST = 'smtp.163.com'  # 邮件服务器地址
    USER = 'aaa@163.com'  # 用户
    PASSWORD = '12345678'  # 授权码
    SENDER = 'erty@163.com'  # 发送者
    RECEIVERS = ['wertyu@163.com']  # 接受者列表
    SUBJECT = "这是主题呀！！！"  # 主题

class Mail(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.mail_host = MailConf.HOST
        self.mail_user = MailConf.USER
        self.mail_pass = MailConf.PASSWORD
        self.SMTP = None

    def __enter__(self):
        logging.info("连接SMTP")
        self.SMTP = smtplib.SMTP()
        self.SMTP.connect(self.mail_host, 25)
        self.SMTP.login(self.mail_user, self.mail_pass)
        return self

    def send(self, sender=None, receivers=None, subject=None, content=None, attaches=None):
        """
        功能：发送邮件
        :param sender: 发送者  'haha@163.com'
        :param receivers: 接受者列表  ['haha@163.com', 'hehe@163.com', ...]
        :param subject: 主题  subject
        :param content: 内容  {"content": "邮件测试111", "format": "plain/html"}
        :param attaches: 附件列表  [{"path": "./", "file_name": "test.xls"}, ...]
        :return: Failed/Success
        """
        logging.info("发送邮件 start ...")
        message = MIMEMultipart()
        message['From'] = sender
        if receivers and isinstance(receivers, list):
            receiver_str = ",".join(receivers)
        else:
            receiver_str = receivers
        message['To'] = receiver_str
        message['Subject'] = subject
        part1 = MIMEText(content.get("content"), content.get("format"), 'utf-8')
        message.attach(part1)
        for attach in attaches:
            # with open(attach.get("path") + attach.get("file_name"), "rb") as f:
            #     cont = f.read()
            file = attach.get("path") + attach.get("file_name")
            part2 = MIMEText(open(file, "rb").read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
            # 附件设置内容类型，方便起见，设置为二进制流
            part2['Content-Type'] = 'application/octet-stream'
            # 设置附件头，添加文件名
            part2['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment;filename="{}"'.format(attach.get("file_name"))  # 注意：附件名必须为英文
            message.attach(part2)
        try:
            self.SMTP.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
        except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
            logging.error("发送邮件失败：{}".format(e))
            return "Failed"
        logging.info("发送邮件 end")
        return "Success"

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        logging.info('断开连接')
        self.SMTP.quit()


# with Mail() as M:
#     ret = M.send(
#         sender=MailConf.SENDER,
#         receivers=MailConf.RECEIVERS,
#         subject=MailConf.SUBJECT,
#         content={
#             "content": "邮件测试111",
#             "format": "plain"
#         },
#         attaches=[
#             {
#                 "path": "./",
#                 "file_name": "test.xls"
#             }
#         ]
#     )
#     print(ret)

上下文管理器

Python中的上下文管理器能帮我们自动创建和释放资源，我们可以专注于要实现的功能本身
如果想了解更多关于上下文内容可以看这篇文章：Python上下文管理器