docker学习第二天

docker学习第二天

一 . docker常用命令

1.1 帮助命令

docker version     #显示docker版本信息
docker info        #显示docker系统信息,包括镜像和容器
docker --help      #帮助

1.2 镜像命令

docker images

[root@localhost zyf]# docker images     #列出本地主机上的镜像
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
mysql         5.7       938b57d64674   2 weeks ago   448MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   5 weeks ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    5d0da3dc9764   6 weeks ago   231MB

#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像创建时间
SIZE 镜像大小

# 同一个仓库源可以有多个 TAG,代表这个仓库源的不同版本,我们使用REPOSITORY:TAG 定义不同
的镜像,如果你不定义镜像的标签版本,docker将默认使用 lastest 镜像!

# 可选项
-a: 列出本地所有镜像
-q: 只显示镜像id
--digests: 显示镜像的摘要信息

docker search

# 搜索镜像
[root@localhost zyf]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS
OFFICIAL
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9484
[OK]

# docker search 某个镜像的名称 对应DockerHub仓库中的镜像

# 可选项
docker search --filter=stars=50 mysql    #列出收藏数不小于50的mysql镜像

docker pull

# 下载镜像
[root@localhost zyf]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
b380bbd43752: Already exists 
f23cbf2ecc5d: Already exists 
30cfc6c29c0a: Already exists 
b38609286cbe: Already exists 
8211d9e66cd6: Already exists 
2313f9eeca4a: Already exists 
7eb487d00da0: Already exists 
4d7421c8152e: Pull complete 
77f3d8811a28: Pull complete 
cce755338cba: Pull complete 
69b753046b9f: Pull complete 
b2e64b0ab53c: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:6d7d4524463fe6e2b893ffc2b89543c81dec7ef82fb2020a1b27606666464d87
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest
签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实位置

# 指定版本下载
[root@localhost zyf]# docker pull mysql:5.7
....

docker rmi

# 删除镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id # 删除单个
docker rmi -f 镜像名:tag 镜像名:tag # 删除多个
docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa) # 删除全部

1.3 容器命令

说明:有镜像才能创建容器,我们这里使用 centos 的镜像来测试,就是虚拟一个 centos !

新建容器并启动

#命令
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND][ARG...]

# 常用参数说明
--name="Name" # 给容器指定一个名字
-d 						# 后台方式运行容器,并返回容器的id!
-i 						# 以交互模式运行容器,通过和 -t 一起使用
-t 						# 给容器重新分配一个终端,通常和 -i 一起使用
-P 						# 随机端口映射(大写)
-p 						# 指定端口映射(小结),一般可以有四种写法
		ip:hostPort:containerPort
		ip::containerPort
		hostPort:containerPort (常用)
		containerPort
		
#测试

[root@localhost zyf]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
mysql         5.7       938b57d64674   2 weeks ago   448MB
mysql         latest    ecac195d15af   2 weeks ago   516MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   5 weeks ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    5d0da3dc9764   6 weeks ago   231MB
[root@localhost zyf]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@de779e4c2531 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@de779e4c2531 /]# exit
exit

列出所有运行的容器

# 命令
docker ps [OPTIONS]

# 常用参数说明
-a # 列出当前所有正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
-l # 显示最近创建的容器
-n=? # 显示最近n个创建的容器
-q # 静默模式,只显示容器编号。

退出容器

exit # 容器停止退出
ctrl+P+Q # 容器不停止退出

启动停止容器

docker start (容器id or 容器名) # 启动容器
docker restart (容器id or 容器名) # 重启容器
docker stop (容器id or 容器名) # 停止容器
docker kill (容器id or 容器名) # 强制停止容器

删除容器

docker rm 容器id # 删除指定容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q) # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器

1.4 常用其他命令

后台启动容器

# 命令
docker run -d 容器名

# 例子
docker run -d centos # 启动centos,使用后台方式启动

# 问题: 使用docker ps 查看,发现容器已经退出了!
# 解释:Docker容器后台运行,就必须有一个前台进程,容器运行的命令如果不是那些一直挂起的命
令,就会自动退出。
# 比如,你运行了nginx服务,但是docker前台没有运行应用,这种情况下,容器启动后,会立即自
杀,因为他觉得没有程序了,所以最好的情况是,将你的应用使用前台进程的方式运行启动。

查看日志

# 命令
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器id

查看容器中运行的进程信息,支持 ps 命令参数。

# 命令
docker top 容器id

#测试
[root@localhost zyf]# docker top d4a094a7bff3 
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                3827                3809                0                   09:27               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

查看容器/镜像的元数据

# 命令
docker inspect 容器id

# 测试
[root@localhost zyf]# docker inspect d4a094a7bff3
[
    {
        "Id": "d4a094a7bff3a1def2f79898ff068ef8f3acf5cfcc2d144878955b461e380cd1",
        "Created": "2021-11-02T01:27:44.862468503Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 3827,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-11-02T01:27:45.306178333Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d4a094a7bff3a1def2f79898ff068ef8f3acf5cfcc2d144878955b461e380cd1/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d4a094a7bff3a1def2f79898ff068ef8f3acf5cfcc2d144878955b461e380cd1/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d4a094a7bff3a1def2f79898ff068ef8f3acf5cfcc2d144878955b461e380cd1/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d4a094a7bff3a1def2f79898ff068ef8f3acf5cfcc2d144878955b461e380cd1/d4a094a7bff3a1def2f79898ff068ef8f3acf5cfcc2d144878955b461e380cd1-json.log",
        "Name": "/awesome_goldberg",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6035182b396cb8e78bcbea0ce7bdb0fbfcb1014942859760ffbc1a5c628bb208-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/81c241c44b63080afc4a4724c53b96fc78f94955a616f6a04512cafb4acc74ed/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6035182b396cb8e78bcbea0ce7bdb0fbfcb1014942859760ffbc1a5c628bb208/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6035182b396cb8e78bcbea0ce7bdb0fbfcb1014942859760ffbc1a5c628bb208/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6035182b396cb8e78bcbea0ce7bdb0fbfcb1014942859760ffbc1a5c628bb208/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "d4a094a7bff3",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "6d64a7b27ae0971f37a57c4c469988374e5504fde3b812a8c439e793420a3c43",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/6d64a7b27ae0",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "7d9476b5524fc79aa470ec203a3238528b0b4f6d1464ebbf4a12a695f484e60b",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "4abbe1b9075b0ded58b1419e69ad0fb40c5711bd85ea8e0e7b3207e359029ac7",
                    "EndpointID": "7d9476b5524fc79aa470ec203a3238528b0b4f6d1464ebbf4a12a695f484e60b",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入正在运行的容器

# 命令1
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

#测试1
[root@localhost zyf]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
d4a094a7bff3   centos    "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Up 6 minutes             awesome_goldberg
[root@localhost zyf]# docker exec -it d4a094a7bff3 /bin/bash
[root@d4a094a7bff3 /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 01:27 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         15      0  0 01:34 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         29     15  0 01:34 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@d4a094a7bff3 /]#


# 命令2
docker attach 容器id
[root@localhost zyf]# docker exec -it d4a094a7bff3 /bin/bash
[root@d4a094a7bff3 /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 01:27 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         15      0  0 01:34 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         31      0  0 01:36 pts/2    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         45     31  0 01:36 pts/2    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@d4a094a7bff3 /]# 

# 区别
# exec 是在容器中打开新的终端,并且可以启动新的进程
# attach 直接进入容器启动命令的终端,不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

# 命令
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径
# 测试
# 容器内执行,创建一个文件测试
[root@d4a094a7bff3 home/]# cd /home
[root@d4a094a7bff3 home/]# touch f1
[root@d4a094a7bff3 home/]# ls
f1
[root@d4a094a7bff3 home/]# exit
exit
# linux复制查看,是否复制成功
[root@localhost zyf]# docker cp c8530dbbe3b4:/home/f1 /home
[root@localhost zyf]# cd /home
[root@localhost zyf home]# ls
f1
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