SaltStack之return与job管理
1. SaltStack组件之return
return组件可以理解为SaltStack系统对执行Minion返回后的数据进行存储或者返回给其他程序,它支持多种存储方式,比如用MySQL、MongoDB、Redis、Memcache等,通过return我们可以对SaltStack的每次操作进行记录,对以后日志审计提供了数据来源。目前官方已经支持30种return数据存储与接口,我们可以很方便的配置与使用它。当然也支持自己定义的return,自定义的return需由python来编写。在选择和配置好要使用的return后,只需在salt命令后面指定return即可。
//查看所有return列表
[root@master ~]# salt '*' sys.list_returners
192.168.30.245:
- carbon
- couchdb
- elasticsearch
- etcd
- highstate
- local
- local_cache
- mattermost
- multi_returner
- mysql
- pushover
- rawfile_json
- slack
- slack_webhook
- smtp
- splunk
- sqlite3
- syslog
- telegram
1.1 return流程
return是在Master端触发任务,然后Minion接受处理任务后直接与return存储服务器建立连接,然后把数据return存到存储服务器。关于这点一定要注意,因为此过程都是Minion端操作存储服务器,所以要确保Minion端的配置跟依赖包是正确的,这意味着我们将必须在每个Minion上安装指定的return方式依赖包,假如使用Mysql作为return存储方式,那么我们将在每台Minion上安装 python-mysql模块。
-
优点:数据存储不会给Salt Master带来额外的负担。
-
缺点:每个Salt Minion连接到外部作业缓存,这可能导致大量连接。 还需要额外配置才能在所有Salt Minions上获得返回模块配置。
MySQLdb 是用于Python链接Mysql数据库的接口,它实现了 Python 数据库 API 规范 V2.0,基于 MySQL C API 上建立的。
使用return管理,minion要安装MySQL-python
使用job管理,master要安装MySQL-python
1.2 配置return管理
1. 在minion安装MySQL-python
//在所有minion安装 MySQL-python
[root@master ~]# salt '*' pkg.install MySQL-python
192.168.30.245:
----------
MySQL-python:
----------
new:
1.2.5-1.el7
old:
2. 准备一台mysql服务器
//准备一台mysql服务器
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl enable mariadb
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@mysql ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
3. 创建数据库和表结构
详情请见官网
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p1
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
//创建用户
mysql> grant all on salt.* to salt@'%' identified by 'salt';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
//创建数据库和表结构
mysql> CREATE DATABASE `salt`
-> DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
-> DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
//进入库
mysql> use salt;
Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE `jids` (
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
-> `fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
-> `full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> KEY `id` (`id`),
-> KEY `jid` (`jid`),
-> KEY `fun` (`fun`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
-> `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> `tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `data` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> `master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
-> KEY `tag` (`tag`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
4. 修改minion配置文件
[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
mysql.host: '192.168.30.150' ##mysql服务器IP
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[root@minion ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion
5. 在Master上测试存储到mysql中
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping --return mysql
192.168.30.245:
True
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls /root/' ##不加--return mysql
192.168.30.245:
111
222
6. 在数据库中查询
//发现只能找到一条信息
mysql> select * from salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20200823024659304373
return: true
id: 192.168.30.245
success: 1
full_ret: {"fun_args": [], "jid": "20200823024659304373", "return": true, "retcode": 0, "success": true, "fun": "test.ping", "id": "192.168.30.245"}
alter_time: 2020-08-23 10:46:59
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
7. 再次测试
//加上--return mysql
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls /root/' --return mysql
192.168.30.245:
111
222
8. 再次在数据库中查询
//成功查到两条
mysql> select * from salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20200823024659304373
return: true
id: 192.168.30.245
success: 1
full_ret: {"fun_args": [], "jid": "20200823024659304373", "return": true, "retcode": 0, "success": true, "fun": "test.ping", "id": "192.168.30.245"}
alter_time: 2020-08-23 10:46:59
*************************** 2. row ***************************
fun: cmd.run
jid: 20200823025253018464
return: "111\n222"
id: 192.168.30.245
success: 1
full_ret: {"fun_args": ["ls /root/"], "jid": "20200823025253018464", "return": "111\n222", "retcode": 0, "success": true, "fun": "cmd.run", "id": "192.168.30.245"}
alter_time: 2020-08-23 10:52:53
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2. SaltStack组件之job cache
Minion将结果返回给Master后,由Master将结果给缓存在本地,然后将缓存的结果给存储到指定的存储服务器,比如存储到mysql中。
- 优点:外部缓存系统只需要维护单个连接。 这对数据库和类似系统是首选。
- 缺点:在Salt Master上增加了额外的负载。
2.1 配置job
1.安装MySQL-python
[root@master ~]# yum -y install MySQL-python
2.修改master配置文件
master_job_cache: mysql
mysql.host: '192.168.30.150'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[root@master salt]# systemctl restart salt-master
3. 清空表
没有表,请见return第3步
mysql> delete from salt.salt_returns;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from salt_returns\G
Empty set (0.00 sec)
4. 在master上测试能否存储至数据库
[root@master salt]# salt '*' test.ping
192.168.30.245:
True
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls /root/'
192.168.30.245:
111
222
5. 在数据库中查询
mysql> select * from salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20200823031036575204
return: true
id: 192.168.30.245
success: 1
full_ret: {"fun_args": [], "jid": "20200823031036575204", "return": true, "retcode": 0, "success": true, "cmd": "_return", "_stamp": "2020-08-23T03:10:36.955782", "fun": "test.ping", "id": "192.168.30.245"}
alter_time: 2020-08-23 11:10:36
*************************** 2. row ***************************
fun: cmd.run
jid: 20200823031235440788
return: "111\n222"
id: 192.168.30.245
success: 1
full_ret: {"fun_args": ["ls /root/"], "jid": "20200823031235440788", "return": "111\n222", "retcode": 0, "success": true, "cmd": "_return", "_stamp": "2020-08-23T03:12:35.567587", "fun": "cmd.run", "id": "192.168.30.245"}
alter_time: 2020-08-23 11:12:35
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.2 job管理
获取任务的jid
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'uptime' -v
Executing job with jid 20200823031427371583
-------------------------------------------
192.168.30.245:
11:14:27 up 48 min, 2 users, load average: 0.33, 0.15, 0.14
通过jid获取此任务的返回结果
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20200823031427371583
192.168.30.245:
11:14:27 up 48 min, 2 users, load average: 0.33, 0.15, 0.14