1. 组件return
return组件可以理解为SaltStack系统对执行Minion返回后的数据进行存储或者返回给其他程序,它支持多种存储方式,比如用MySQL、MongoDB、Redis、Memcache等,通过return我们可以对SaltStack的每次操作进行记录,对以后日志审计提供了数据来源。目前官方已经支持30种return数据存储与接口,我们可以很方便的配置与使用它。当然也支持自己定义的return,自定义的return需由python来编写。在选择和配置好要使用的return后,只需在salt命令后面指定return即可。
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' sys.list_returners
minion:
- carbon
- couchdb
- etcd
- highstate
- local
- local_cache
- mattermost
- multi_returner
- pushover
- rawfile_json
- slack
- slack_webhook
- smtp
- splunk
- sqlite3
- syslog
- telegram
1.1 return流程
return是在Master端触发任务,然后Minion接受处理任务后直接与return存储服务器建立连接,然后把数据return存到存储服务器。关于这点一定要注意,因为此过程都是Minion端操作存储服务器,所以要确保Minion端的配置跟依赖包是正确的,这意味着我们将必须在每个Minion上安装指定的return方式依赖包,假如使用Mysql作为return存储方式,那么我们将在每台Minion上安装python-mysql模块。
环境说明
主机名 | 所需服务 | IP |
---|---|---|
master | salt-master salt-minion | 192.168.249.141 |
minion | salt-minion python3-PyMySQL模块 | 192.168.249.145 |
mysql | mysql-5.7 | 192.168.249.146 |
1.2 使用mysql作为return存储方式
在所有minion上安装Mysql-python模块
//以前的系统是直接安装以上模块,centos8我们先查看一下源里面有什么模块
[root@minion ~]# yum list all|grep -i mysql|grep -i python
python2-PyMySQL.noarch 0.8.0-10.module_el8.5.0+743+cd2f5d28 appstream
python3-PyMySQL.noarch 0.10.1-2.module_el8.5.0+761+faacb0fb appstream
python38-PyMySQL.noarch 0.10.1-1.module_el8.5.0+742+dbad1979 appstream
python39-PyMySQL.noarch 0.10.1-2.module_el8.5.0+738+dc19af12 appstream
//安装python3-PyMySQL这个模块
[root@master ~]# salt '*' pkg.install python3-PyMySQL
minion:
----------
python3-PyMySQL:
----------
new:
0.10.1-2.module_el8.5.0+761+faacb0fb
old:
python3-cffi:
----------
new:
1.11.5-5.el8
old:
python3-cryptography:
----------
new:
3.2.1-5.el8
old:
python3-ply:
----------
new:
3.9-9.el8
old:
python3-pycparser:
----------
new:
2.14-14.el8
old:
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'rpm -qa|grep python3-PyMySQL'
minion:
python3-PyMySQL-0.10.1-2.module_el8.5.0+761+faacb0fb.noarch
1.3 部署mysql
可单独用一台服务器部署,或者直接部署在master、minion上都可以
//此处我直接用脚本搭建,关于mysql的安装之前文章有
[root@mysql ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
//创建用于存储数据库和表结构
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.33 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
//创建数据库和表结构
mysql> CREATE DATABASE `salt`
-> DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
-> DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
//进入库
mysql> USE `salt`;
Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE `jids` (
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
-> `fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
-> `full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> KEY `id` (`id`),
-> KEY `jid` (`jid`),
-> KEY `fun` (`fun`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
-> `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> `tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `data` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> `master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
-> KEY `tag` (`tag`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
//查看创建好的数据库和表
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| salt |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_salt |
+----------------+
| jids |
| salt_events |
| salt_returns |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//创建用户并授权访问
mysql> grant all on salt.* to salt@'%' identified by 'salt';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
//刷新权限
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
1.4 配置minion
//修改minion配置文件
[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
此处省略N行...
#return: mysql,slack,redis
#
#return:
# - mysql
# - hipchat
# - slack
mysql.host: '192.168.249.146' #部署mysql的服务器
mysql.port: 3306 #监听端口号
mysql.user: 'salt' #创建的用户
mysql.pass: 'salt' #密码
mysql.db: 'salt' #数据库名称
mysql.unix_socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock' #套接字
mysql.charset: 'utf8' #字符集
此处省略N行...
//重启服务
[root@minion ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion
1.5 在Master上测试存储到mysql中
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping --return mysql
minion:
True
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping
minion:
True
1.6 在数据库中查询验证
mysql> select * from .salt_returns \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20210708132459672274
return: true
id: minion
success: 1
full_ret: {"success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20210708132459672274", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "id": "minion"}
alter_time: 2021-07-08 21:25:00
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
//我们可以看到只存储了一条数据,所以需要在后面加上 --return mysql
2. job cache
2.1 job cache流程
return时是由Minion直接与存储服务器进行交互,因此需要在每台Minion上手动安装指定的存储方式的模块,比如python-mysql模块,这样就显得并没有很自动化,不是SaltStack该有的表现。那么我们能否直接在Master上就把返回的结果给存储到存储服务器呢?
这个时候job cache应时而生 ,意思是当Minion将结果返回给Master后,由Master将结果给缓存在本地,然后将缓存的结果给存储到指定的存储服务器,比如存储到mysql中。
2.2 开启master端的master_job_cache
//在master端也安装一个python3-PyMySQL模块
[root@master ~]# yum -y install python3-PyMySQL
//修改master文件
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
此处省略N行...
# Save runner returns to the job cache
#runner_returns: True#
master_job_cache: mysql
mysql.host: '192.168.249.146'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
此处省略N行...
//重启服务,使配置文件生效
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
2.3 在数据库服务器中清空表内容
mysql> delete from salt_returns;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from .salt_returns \G
Empty set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
2.4 在master上再次测试能否存储至数据库
[root@master ~]# salt -S '192.168.249.145' test.ping
minion:
True
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -l /usr/src'
minion:
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 lxr lxr 17 Jul 7 21:39 123
-rw-r--r-- 1 lxr lxr 17 Jul 7 21:59 456
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 69 Jul 7 22:20 abc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 19 2020 debug
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 19 2020 kernels
2.5 在数据库查询验证
mysql> select * from .salt_returns \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20210708134413119188
return: true
id: minion
success: 1
full_ret: {"cmd": "_return", "id": "minion", "success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20210708134413119188", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "_stamp": "2021-07-08T13:44:13.428642"}
alter_time: 2021-07-08 21:44:13
*************************** 2. row ***************************
fun: cmd.run
jid: 20210708134525092467
return: "total 8\n-rw-r--r-- 1 lxr lxr 17 Jul 7 21:39 123\n-rw-r--r-- 1 lxr lxr 17 Jul 7 21:59 456\ndrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 69 Jul 7 22:20 abc\ndrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 19 2020 debug\ndrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 19 2020 kernels"
id: minion
success: 1
full_ret: {"cmd": "_return", "id": "minion", "success": true, "return": "total 8\n-rw-r--r-- 1 lxr lxr 17 Jul 7 21:39 123\n-rw-r--r-- 1 lxr lxr 17 Jul 7 21:59 456\ndrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 69 Jul 7 22:20 abc\ndrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 19 2020 debug\ndrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 19 2020 kernels", "retcode": 0, "jid": "20210708134525092467", "fun": "cmd.run", "fun_args": ["ls -l /usr/src"], "_stamp": "2021-07-08T13:45:25.284591"}
alter_time: 2021-07-08 21:45:25
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
2.6 job管理
获取任务的jid
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'uptime' -v
Executing job with jid 20210708135252302305 #数字就是jid
-------------------------------------------
minion:
21:52:52 up 1:51, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.0
通过jid获取此任务的返回结果
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20210708135252302305
minion:
21:52:52 up 1:51, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.0
//可以看到和上面一模一样
3. salt-ssh介绍
salt-ssh是一个可以让我们不用在受控机上安装salt-minion客户端也能够实现自动化管理操作。
3.1 它的特点
- 远程系统需要Python支持,除非使用-r选项发送原始ssh命令
- salt-ssh也是一个软件包,需安装之后才能使用,命令本身也是salt-ssh
- salt-ssh不会取代标准的Salt通信系统,它只是提供了一个基于SSH的替代方案,不需要ZeroMQ和客户端
由于所有与Salt SSH的通信都是通过SSH执行的,所以它比使用ZeroMQ的标准Salt慢得多,一般情况下不建议使用。
3.2 salt-ssh远程管理的方式
salt-ssh有两种方式实现远程管理,一种是在配置文件中记录所有客户端的信息,诸如 IP 地址、端口号、用户名、密码以及是否支持sudo等;另一种是使用密钥实现远程管理,不需要输入密码。
3.3 salt-ssh部署
在 master 上安装 salt-ssh
[root@master ~]# yum -y install salt-ssh
3.3.1 通过使用用户名密码的SSH实现远程管理
修改配置文件,添加受控机信息
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/roster
# Sample salt-ssh config file
#web1:
# host: 192.168.42.1 # The IP addr or DNS hostname
# user: fred # Remote executions will be executed as user fred
# passwd: foobarbaz # The password to use for login, if omitted, keys are used
# sudo: True # Whether to sudo to root, not enabled by default
#web2:
# host: 192.168.42.2
//添加受控端信息,可以看到上面是有示例的
minion2:
host: 192.168.249.146
user: root
passwd: 123456
测试是否可以连接
//现在直接通过以下命令直接去连接需要输入密码,但是 saltstack 是不支持交互式操作的,所以为了解决这个问题,我们需要对其进行设置,让系统不进行主机验证。
[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' test.ping
[root@master ~]# vim ~/.ssh/config
StrictHostKeyChecking no
//再次连接
[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' test.ping
minion2:
----------
retcode:
10
stderr:
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.249.146' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
ERROR: Unable to locate appropriate python command
stdout:
ERROR: Python version error. Recommendation(s) follow:
- Install Python 3 on the target machine(s)
- You can use ssh_pre_flight or raw shell (-r) to install Python 3
//此处报错,原因是minion未安装python3,它说你可以通过 -r 选项安装python3
//根据它的提示安装python3
[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' -r 'yum -y install python3'
minion2:
----------
retcode:
0
stderr:
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
stdout:
root@192.168.249.146's password:
Last metadata expiration check: 2:03:10 ago on Thu Jul 8 20:22:44 2021.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repo Size
================================================================================
Installing:
python36 x86_64 3.6.8-37.module_el8.5.0+771+e5d9a225 appstream 19 k
Upgrading:
platform-python-pip
noarch 9.0.3-20.el8 baseos 1.7 M
此处省略N行...
//验证是否安装
[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' -r 'rpm -qa|grep python3'
minion2:
----------
retcode:
0
stderr:
stdout:
root@192.168.249.146's password:
python3-pip-wheel-9.0.3-18.el8.noarch
python3-dateutil-2.6.1-6.el8.noarch
python3-linux-procfs-0.6.2-2.el8.noarch
python3-dbus-1.2.4-15.el8.x86_64
python3-inotify-0.9.6-13.el8.noarch
python3-slip-dbus-0.6.4-11.el8.noarch
python3-firewall-0.8.2-3.el8.noarch
此处省略N行...
//再次连接
[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' test.ping
minion2:
True
3.3.2 通过salt-ssh初始化系统安装salt-minion
执行状态命令,初始化系统,安装salt-minion
//创建存放yum源和配置文件的目录
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/base/{repo,files}
//将salt的yum源和minion配置文件拷贝到创建的目录下面
[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/repo/
[root@master repo]# ls
[root@master repo]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo ./
[root@master repo]# ls
salt.repo
[root@master repo]# cd ../files/
[root@master files]# ls
[root@master files]# cp /etc/salt/minion ./
[root@master files]# ls
minion
//编辑状态文件
[root@master ~]# vim /srv/salt/base/repo.sls
salt-repo:
file.managed:
- name: /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo
- source: salt://repo/salt.repo
- user: root
- group: root
- mode: 644
[root@master ~]# vim /srv/salt/base/minion.sls
salt-minion-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: salt-minion
salt-minion-conf:
file.managed:
- name: /etc/salt/minion
- source: salt://files/minion
- user: root
- group: root
- mode: 644
- template: jinja
- default:
ID: {{ grains['ipv4'] [1] }}
- require:
- pkg: salt-minion-install
salt-minion-service:
service.running:
- name: salt-minion
- enable: True
- start: True
- watch:
- file: /etc/salt/minion
//执行状态文件,将yum源和配置文件批量传输到minion上
[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' state.sls repo
[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' state.sls minion
//启动salt-minion
[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' -r 'systemctl restart salt-minion'
minion2:
----------
retcode:
0
stderr:
stdout:
root@192.168.249.146's password:
接受公钥
[root@master ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
minion
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
master
minion2
Rejected Keys:
[root@master ~]# salt-key -A
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
master
minion2
Proceed? [n/Y] y
Key for minion master accepted.
Key for minion minion2 accepted.
[root@master ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
master
minion
minion2
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:
测试连通性
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping
minion:
True
minion2:
True
minion:
True