监听器-Listener
Listener监听器
- Listener监听器它是JavaWeb 的三大组件之一。JavaWeb的三大组件分别是: Servlet程序、Listener监听器、Filter过滤器
- Listener是 JavaEE的规范,就是接口
- 监听器的作用是,监听某种变化(一般就是对象创建/销毁,属性变化),触发对应方法完成相应的任务
tomcat在启动时,就会通过反射创建监听器(监听器要配置web.xml),并放入一个容器中维护
当监听器监听到某个事件时,就会创建一个对应的事件对象,并传入给该事件的方法调用
程序员可以根据业务需求,来重写触发事件的方法
监听器 | 作用 |
---|---|
ServletContextListener | 监听ServletContext创建或销毁(当我们Web应用启动时,就会创建ServletContext),即生命周期监听 |
ServletContextAttributeListener | 监听ServletContext属性变化 |
HttpSessionListener | 监听Session创建或销毁,即生命周期监听 |
HttpSessionAttributeListener | 监听Session属性的变化 |
ServletRequestListener | 监听equest创建或销毁,即Request生命周期监听 |
ServletRequestAttributeListener | 监听Request属性变化 |
HttpSessionBindingListener | 使对象在被绑定到会话或从会话中取消对它的绑定时得到通知(可以对单一对象进行监听) |
HttpSessionActivationListener | HttpSessionActivationListener用于监控实现类本身,当实现类对象被添加到session中(session.setAttribute())后,session对象序列化(钝化)前和反序列化(活化)后都会被执行 |
相关方法
ServletContextListener
- contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent)
创建Servletcontext时触发 - contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent)
销毁Servletcontext时
ServletContextAttributeListener
- attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent)
添加属性时调用 - attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent)
替换属性时调用 - attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent)
移除属性时调用
HttpSessionListener
- sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent)
创建session时调用 - voidsessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent)
销毁session时调用
HttpSessionAttributeListener
- attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent)
添加属性时 - attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent)
替换属性时 - attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent)
移除属性时
ServletRequestListener
- requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent)
创建request时 - requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent)
销毁request时
ServletRequestAttributeListener
- void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent servletRequestAttributeEvent)
添加属性时 - attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent servletRequestAttributeEvent)
替换属性时 - attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent servletRequestAttributeEvent)
移除属性时
Listener监听器
对象的创建或销毁/属性的创建或销毁,就会产生一个事件对象,传递给事件监听者(Listener),Listener有很多事件处理方法(比如创建了怎么办,销毁了怎么办,具体的实现由程序员来决定)
监听器也是属于servlet的规范
ServletContextListener
tomcat在启动时,就会通过反射创建监听器,并放入一个容器中维护
当监听器监听到某个事件时,就会创建一个对应的事件对象,并传入给该事件的方法调用
程序员可以根据业务需求,来重写触发事件的方法
比如下面的例子:
ServletContextListener
:监听ServletContext
contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent)
:监听ServletContext的创建
contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent)
:监听ServletContext的销毁
当监听到ServletContext的被创建(tomcat启动时),就会创建ServletContextEvent
事件对象,并传给contextInitialized
方法调用
当监听到ServletContext的被销毁(tomcat关闭或者Redeploy时),就会创建ServletContextEvent
事件对象,并传给contextDestroyed
方法调用
pxServletContextListener.java
package com.study.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
/**
* @author 珀筱
*/
/**
* 1. 当一个类实现了ServletContextListener
* 2. 该类就是一个监听器
* 3. 该类可以监听的事件由该类实现的监听接口决定,比如实现了ServletContextListener
* ,则该类就可以实现监听ServletContext对象的创建和销毁 以此类推
* 4. HspServletContextListener就是一个监听者
* 5. 当web应用启动时,就会产生ServletContextEvent事件,会调用监听器的对应事件处理方法
* contextInitialized,同时会传递事件对象
* 6. 程序员可以通过ServletContextEvent事件对象,来获取需要的信息,然后再进行业务处理
* 7. tomcat怎么知道这个监听器存在?因为我们需要在web .xml中配置
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class pxServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
ServletContext servletContext = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
System.out.println("pxServletContextListener监听到" + servletContext + "被创建...");
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
ServletContext servletContext = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
System.out.println("pxServletContextListener监听到" + servletContext + "被销毁...");
}
}
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--配置Listener-->
<listener>
<listener-class>com.study.listener.pxServletContextListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
启动tomcat时
关闭tomcat时
ServletContextAttributeListener
pxServletContextAttributeListener.java
并配置web.xml
package com.study.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;
/**
* @author 珀筱
*/
public class pxServletContextAttributeListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener {
@Override
public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent) {
System.out.println("pxServletContextAttributeListener 监听到添加属性..."
+ servletContextAttributeEvent.getName() + "=" + servletContextAttributeEvent.getValue());
}
@Override
public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent) {
System.out.println("pxServletContextAttributeListener 监听到删除属性..."
+ servletContextAttributeEvent.getName() + "=" + servletContextAttributeEvent.getValue());
}
@Override
public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent) {
System.out.println("pxServletContextAttributeListener 监听到修改属性..."
+ servletContextAttributeEvent.getName() + "=" + servletContextAttributeEvent.getValue());
}
}
配置servlet,操作ServletContext
并配置web.xml
package com.study;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author 珀筱
*/
public class HiServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//操作ServletContext
ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
//添加
servletContext.setAttribute("name", "张三");
//修改
servletContext.setAttribute("name", "李四");
//删除
servletContext.removeAttribute("name");
System.out.println("hiServlet处理完毕");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
}
HttpSessionListener
pxHttpSessionListener.java
package com.study.listener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
/**
* @author 珀筱
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class pxHttpSessionListener implements HttpSessionListener {
@Override
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
HttpSession session = httpSessionEvent.getSession();
System.out.println("pxHttpSessionListener监听到 session创建= " + session.getId());
}
@Override
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
HttpSession session = httpSessionEvent.getSession();
System.out.println("pxHttpSessionListener监听到 session销毁= " + session.getId());
}
}
HiServlet.java
package com.study;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author 珀筱
*/
public class HiServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//创建session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//设置生命周期
session.setMaxInactiveInterval(5);
System.out.println("hiServlet处理完毕");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
}
重启tomcat,访问默认页面会自动创建两个session,不用管,Redeploy就好
HttpSessionAttributeListener
pxHttpSessionAttributeListener.java
package com.study.listener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
/**
* @author 珀筱
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class pxHttpSessionAttributeListener implements HttpSessionAttributeListener {
@Override
public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {
System.out.println("监听到session添加 " + httpSessionBindingEvent.getName()
+ "=" + httpSessionBindingEvent.getValue());
}
@Override
public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {
System.out.println("监听到session删除 " + httpSessionBindingEvent.getName()
+ "=" + httpSessionBindingEvent.getValue());
}
@Override
public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {
System.out.println("监听到session修改 " + httpSessionBindingEvent.getName()
+ "=" + httpSessionBindingEvent.getValue());
}
}
HiServlet.java
ublic class HiServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//操作ServletContext
ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.setAttribute("age",18);
session.setAttribute("age",20);
session.removeAttribute("age");
System.out.println("hiServlet处理完毕");
}
ServletRequestListener
pxServletRequestListener.java
package com.study.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
/**
* @author 珀筱
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class pxServletRequestListener implements ServletRequestListener {
@Override
public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) {
System.out.println("HspRequestListener监听到request对象销毁");
ServletRequest servletRequest = servletRequestEvent.getServletRequest();
}
@Override
public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) {
System.out.println("HspRequestListener监听到request对象创建");
ServletRequest servletRequest = servletRequestEvent.getServletRequest();
System.out.println("记录访问日志...." );
System.out.println("访问IP= " + servletRequest.getRemoteAddr());
System.out.println("访问的资源= " +((HttpServletRequest)servletRequest).getRequestURL());
}
}
ServletRequestAttributeListener
pxServletRequestAttributeListener.java
package com.study.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeListener;
/**
* @author 珀筱
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class pxServletRequestAttributeListener implements ServletRequestAttributeListener {
@Override
public void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent servletRequestAttributeEvent) {
System.out.println("pxServletRequestAttributeListener监听到request对象新增: "
+ servletRequestAttributeEvent.getName() + "=" + servletRequestAttributeEvent.getValue());
}
@Override
public void attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent servletRequestAttributeEvent) {
System.out.println("pxServletRequestAttributeListener监听到request对象删除: "
+ servletRequestAttributeEvent.getName() + "=" + servletRequestAttributeEvent.getValue());
}
@Override
public void attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent servletRequestAttributeEvent) {
System.out.println("pxServletRequestAttributeListener监听到request对象修改: "
+ servletRequestAttributeEvent.getName() + "=" + servletRequestAttributeEvent.getValue());
}
}
HiServlet.java
public class HiServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setAttribute("job", "Java工程师");
request.setAttribute("job", "Go工程师");
request.removeAttribute("job");
System.out.println("hiServlet处理完毕");
}