共同点:声明变量
const用来声明常量
- 作用域
- 重复申明同一个变量
- 再次赋值(修改变量)
- 变量提升
1.var声明的变量,其作用域是全局作用域或函数作用域,在函数作用域内定义的变量,不能再全局中获取到。这一部分要和作用域那一部分一起看。
var a = 'codereasy'
console.log(a); //codereasy
function newFunction(){
var b = 'hi';
}
console.log(b); //error: b is not defined
let和const是块级作用域
块级作用域:{}包裹起来的代码
在块级作用域外,不能访问到由let和const声明的变量
let times = 4;
if(tinmes > 3){
let a = "codereasy";
console.log(a) // codereasy
}
console.log(a) // error a is not defined
三者对比
var不在函数中,就是全局作用域,这里的a是window.a,然而let和const都作用于块级作用域,外部无法获取
if(true){
var a = "金财神"
}
console.log(a) //"金财神"
if(true){
let b = "黑财神" //b is not defined
}
console.log(b)
if(true){
const c = "白财神" //c is not defined
}
console.log(c)
2.var可以重复声明同一个变量,不报错
let和const不能重复声明同一个变量 Uncaught SyntaxError: Identifier 'xx' has already been declared
var a = 1;
var a = 2;
let b = 1;
let b = 2; //Uncaught SyntaxError: Identifier 'b' has already been declared
const c = 1;
const c = 2; //Uncaught SyntaxError: Identifier 'c' has already been declared
3.var和let可以再次赋值(修改),const不可以TypeError: Assignment to constant variable. 定义之后不能被修改
var a = 1;
a = 2;
let b = 1;
b = 2; //可以被修改
const c = 1;
c = 2; //TypeError: Assignment to constant variable. 定义之后不能被修改
const声明的是对象类型时候,可以修改对象的值,不报错
const a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
a = [1, 2, 3, 8]
const b = {a:1}
b = {a:'jane'}
4.在变量提升(悬挂声明),他们都被提升到了作用域的顶部。但是,var变量会被初始化为undefined,let和const不会被初始化 Uncaught ReferenceError: Cannot access 'XX' before initialization
变量提升:在代码执行之前,将变量声明和函数声明提升到当前作用域的顶部,需要注意的是,只有声明会被提升,赋值操作不会被提升
// var a;
console.log(a); // undefined
var a = 1;
console.log(a); // 1
console.log(a); // Uncaught ReferenceError: Cannot access 'a' before initialization
let a = 1;
console.log(b); // Uncaught ReferenceError: Cannot access 'b' before initialization
const b = 1;
关于var,let, const的作用域考题
考题一
let,const无变量提升
ReferenceError: Cannot access 'xx' before initialization
console.log(str) //undefined
var str = 'hello, world'
console.log(num) // ReferenceError: Cannot access 'num' before initialization
let num = 110
考题二
let,const为块级作用域
var有全局和函数作用域
function demo(){
var n = 2;
if(true){
var n = 1;
}
console.log(n)
};
demo() //1
function demo(){
let n = 2;
if(true){
let n = 1;
}
console.log(n)
};
demo() //2
考题三
const的修改
const obj = {a:1}
obj = '123' // Assignment to constant variable.
obj.a = 2 // 不报错
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4]
arr[3] = 5 // 不报错