实现 pow(x, n) ,即计算 x 的 n 次幂函数。
说明:
-100.0 < x < 100.0
n 是 32 位有符号整数,其数值范围是 [−2^31, 2^31 − 1] 。
示例 1:
输入: 2.00000, 10
输出: 1024.00000
示例 2:
输入: 2.10000, 3
输出: 9.26100
示例 3:
输入: 2.00000, -2
输出: 0.25000
解释: 2^(-2) = 1/2^2 = 1/4 = 0.25
思路一:
调用库函数
class Solution:
def myPow(self, x, n):
from math import pow
return pow(x,n)
思路二:
分治。x^n = x^(n/2) * x^(n/2)
class Solution:
def myPow(self, x: float, n: int) -> float:
if n == 0: return 1
if n > 0:
y = self.myPow(x, n//2)
res = x * y * y if n % 2 else y * y
return res
else:
return 1/self.myPow(x, -n)
思路三:
使用折半计算,每次把n缩小一半,这样n最终会缩小到0,任何数的0次方都为1,这时候我们再往回乘,如果此时n是偶数,直接把上次递归得到的值算个平方返回即可,如果是奇数,则还需要乘上个x的值。还有一点需要引起我们的注意的是n有可能为负数,对于n是负数的 情况,令x=1/x, n= -n。
3^9 = 3 * 3^8
3^8 = (3^2)^4 = 9^4 = (9^2)^2 = 81^2
class Solution:
import pysnooper
@pysnooper.snoop()
def myPow(self, x: float, n: int) -> float:
if n < 0:
x = 1/x
n = -n
res = 1
while n:
if n & 1: # n % 2
res *= x
x *= x
n >>= 1 # n //= 2
return res
s = Solution
s.myPow(2, 2, 10)
Starting var:.. n = 10
Starting var:.. self = 2
Starting var:.. x = 2
19:50:38.226233 call 4 def myPow(self, x: float, n: int) -> float:
19:50:38.226233 line 5 if n < 0:
19:50:38.226233 line 8 res = 1
New var:....... res = 1
19:50:38.226233 line 9 while n:
19:50:38.226233 line 10 if n & 1: # n % 2
19:50:38.227233 line 12 x *= x
Modified var:.. x = 4
19:50:38.227233 line 13 n >>= 1 # n //= 2
Modified var:.. n = 5
19:50:38.227233 line 9 while n:
19:50:38.227233 line 10 if n & 1: # n % 2
19:50:38.227233 line 11 res *= x
Modified var:.. res = 4
19:50:38.227233 line 12 x *= x
Modified var:.. x = 16
19:50:38.227233 line 13 n >>= 1 # n //= 2
Modified var:.. n = 2
19:50:38.227233 line 9 while n:
19:50:38.227233 line 10 if n & 1: # n % 2
19:50:38.227233 line 12 x *= x
Modified var:.. x = 256
19:50:38.227233 line 13 n >>= 1 # n //= 2
Modified var:.. n = 1
19:50:38.227233 line 9 while n:
19:50:38.227233 line 10 if n & 1: # n % 2
19:50:38.228232 line 11 res *= x
Modified var:.. res = 1024
19:50:38.228232 line 12 x *= x
Modified var:.. x = 65536
19:50:38.228232 line 13 n >>= 1 # n //= 2
Modified var:.. n = 0
19:50:38.228232 line 9 while n:
19:50:38.228232 line 14 return res
19:50:38.228232 return 14 return res
Return value:.. 1024
1024