Python进阶——异常处理

异常处理

try/except从句。
将可能触发异常产生的代码放到try模块里，而处理异常的代码会在except语句块里实现。如：

try:
    file=open('test.txt','rb')
except IOError as e:
    print('An IOError occured. {}'.format(e.args[-1]))
输出：
  An IOError occured. No such file or directory

处理多个异常

try:
    file=open('test.txt','rb')
except (IOError,EOFError) as e:
    print('An IOError occured. {}'.format(e.args[-1]))

或者：

try:
    file=open('test.txt','rb')
except EOFError as e:
    print('An IOError occured. {}'.format(e.args[-1]))
    raise e
except IOError as e:
    print('An IOError occured. {}'.format(e.args[-1]))
    raise e

捕获所有异常

try:
    file=open('test.txt','rb')
except Exception:
    #打印一些异常日日志
    raise

finally从句

在上面异常处理语句中，有try从句和except从句，我们还会使用第三个从句就是finally从句。在finally从句中的代码不管异常是否触发都将会被执行。可以被用来在脚本结束执行后做清理工作。
比如：

try:
    file=open('test.txt','rb')
except IOError as e:
    print('An IOError occured. {}'.format(e.args[-1]))
finally:
    print("this would be printed whether or not an error")
    输出：
    An IOError occured. No such file or directory
this would be printed whether or not an error

try/else从句

如果在异常处理语句中，想让一些代码在没有触发异常的情况下执行，就要使用else从句了，为啥不直接把执行代码放try里呢，是因为如果放在try里这段代码的任何异常也会被try捕获。
比如：

try:
    print('I am sure no error')
except:
    print('exception')
else:
    print("This would be printed if no error")
finally:
    print("This would be printed every case")
输出：
I am sure no error
This would be printed if no error
This would be printed every case