HashMap的java源码

<pre name="code" class="java">/* 
 *  @(#)HashMap.java    1.73 07/03/13 
 * 
 * Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. 
 * SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms. 
 */  
  
package java.util;  
import java.io.*;  
  
/* 
 * @param <K> the type of keys maintained by this map 
 * @param <V> the type of mapped values 
 * 
 * @author  Doug Lea 
 * @author  Josh Bloch 
 * @author  Arthur van Hoff 
 * @author  Neal Gafter 
 * @version 1.73, 03/13/07 
 * @see     Object#hashCode() 
 * @see     Collection 
 * @see     Map 
 * @see     TreeMap 
 * @see     Hashtable 
 * @since   1.2 
 */  
  
public class HashMap<K,V>  
    extends AbstractMap<K,V>  
    implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable  
{  
  
    /** 
     * 默认初始化容量,必需是2的幂方 
     */  
    static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;  
  
    /** 
     * 最大容量 
     * MUST be a power of two <= 1<<30. 
     */  
    static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;  
  
    /** 
     * 构造因子 
     */  
    static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;  
  
    /** 
     * The table, resized as necessary. </pre><pre name="code" class="java">     * Length MUST Always be a power of two. 
     * hashMap的主要结构,由Entry<K key, V value>中的key计算出hash值后 
     *再用该值和table的size值巧妙地计算出table中的索引值 
     */  
    transient Entry[] table;  
  
    /** 
     * The number of key-value mappings contained in this map. 
     */  
    transient int size;  
  
    /** 
     * table的阀值 
     * The next size value at which to resize (capacity * load factor). 
     * @serial 
     */  
    int threshold;  
  
    /** 
     * The load factor for the hash table. 
     * 负载因子,table在resize时用 
     * @serial 
     */  
    final float loadFactor;  
  
    /** 
     * hashMap表的结构被修改的次数(该处结构指向table中插入、删除Entry元素, 
     * 更新Entry值不算在内),该变量用于快速失效(fail-fast)技术,在put、remove   
     * 等等进行结构性修改时改变这个值。在HashIterator中记录expectedModCount变量, 
     * 在遍历或者删除时比较modCount与expectedModCount的值是否相等,不相等就抛出 
     * concurrentModificationException, 
     */  
    transient volatile int modCount;  
  
    /** 
     * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the specified initial 
     * capacity and load factor. 
     * 
     * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity 
     * @param  loadFactor      the load factor 
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative 
     *         or the load factor is nonpositive 
     */  
    public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {  
        if (initialCapacity < 0)  
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +  
                                               initialCapacity);  
        if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)  
            initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;  
        if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))  
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +  
                                               loadFactor);  
  
        // Find a power of 2 >= initialCapacity  
        int capacity = 1;  
        while (capacity < initialCapacity)  
            capacity <<= 1;  
  
        this.loadFactor = loadFactor;  
        threshold = (int)(capacity * loadFactor);  
        table = new Entry[capacity];  
        init();  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the specified initial 
     * capacity and the default load factor (0.75). 
     * 
     * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity. 
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative. 
     */  
    public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {  
        this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the default initial capacity 
     * (16) and the default load factor (0.75). 
     */  
    public HashMap() {  
        this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;  
        threshold = (int)(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY * DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);  
        table = new Entry[DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY];  
        init();  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Constructs a new <tt>HashMap</tt> with the same mappings as the 
     * specified <tt>Map</tt>.  The <tt>HashMap</tt> is created with 
     * default load factor (0.75) and an initial capacity sufficient to 
     * hold the mappings in the specified <tt>Map</tt>. 
     * 
     * @param   m the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map 
     * @throws  NullPointerException if the specified map is null 
     */  
    public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {  
        this(Math.max((int) (m.size() / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1,  
                      DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY), DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);  
        putAllForCreate(m);  
    }  
  
    // internal utilities  
  
    /** 
     * Initialization hook for subclasses. This method is called 
     * in all constructors and pseudo-constructors (clone, readObject) 
     * after HashMap has been initialized but before any entries have 
     * been inserted.  (In the absence of this method, readObject would 
     * require explicit knowledge of subclasses.) 
     */  
    void init() {  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Applies a supplemental hash function to a given hashCode, which 
     * defends against poor quality hash functions.  This is critical 
     * because HashMap uses power-of-two length hash tables, that 
     * otherwise encounter collisions for hashCodes that do not differ 
     * in lower bits. Note: Null keys always map to hash 0, thus index 0. 
     */  
    static int hash(int h) {  
        // This function ensures that hashCodes that differ only by  
        // constant multiples at each bit position have a bounded  
        // number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor).  
        h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);  
        return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Returns index for hash code h. 
     */  
    static int indexFor(int h, int length) {  
        return h & (length-1);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map. 
     * 
     * @return the number of key-value mappings in this map 
     */  
    public int size() {  
        return size;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings. 
     * 
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings 
     */  
    public boolean isEmpty() {  
        return size == 0;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, 
     * or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key. 
     * 
     * <p>More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key 
     * {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code (key==null ? k==null : 
     * key.equals(k))}, then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise 
     * it returns {@code null}.  (There can be at most one such mapping.) 
     * 
     * <p>A return value of {@code null} does not <i>necessarily</i> 
     * indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also 
     * possible that the map explicitly maps the key to {@code null}. 
     * The {@link #containsKey containsKey} operation may be used to 
     * distinguish these two cases. 
     * 
     * @see #put(Object, Object) 
     */  
    public V get(Object key) {  
        if (key == null)  
            return getForNullKey();  
        int hash = hash(key.hashCode());  
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];  
             e != null;  
             e = e.next) {  
            Object k;  
            if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k)))  
                return e.value;  
        }  
        return null;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Offloaded version of get() to look up null keys.  Null keys map 
     * to index 0.  This null case is split out into separate methods 
     * for the sake of performance in the two most commonly used 
     * operations (get and put), but incorporated with conditionals in 
     * others. 
     */  
    private V getForNullKey() {  
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {  
            if (e.key == null)  
                return e.value;  
        }  
        return null;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the 
     * specified key. 
     * 
     * @param   key   The key whose presence in this map is to be tested 
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the specified 
     * key. 
     */  
    public boolean containsKey(Object key) {  
        return getEntry(key) != null;  
    }  
      
    /* 
     *@param  key 
     *@return Entry<K,V> 
     */  
    final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {  
        int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key.hashCode());  
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];  
             e != null;  
             e = e.next) {  
            Object k;  
            if (e.hash == hash &&  
                ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))  
                return e;  
        }  
        return null;  
    }  
  
  
    //向hashMap插入一个Entry<K,V>  
    public V put(K key, V value) {  
          
    //如果key值为空,调用插入空Key的方法  
        if (key == null)  
            return putForNullKey(value);  
          
    //在hashMap里的Entry<K,V>键值对的hash值只由key值唯一决定,即value绑定在Key上  
        int hash = hash(key.hashCode());  
          
    //由键值对的hash值计算hashMap中table的索引  
        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);  
          
    //搜索table索引i初的hash链表上所有非空的Entry<K,V>对  
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {  
            Object k;  
        //如果要插入的key在table中已经存在,则覆盖旧value,并调用recordAccess方法  
            if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {  
                V oldValue = e.value;  
                e.value = value;  
                e.recordAccess(this);  
                return oldValue;  
            }  
        }  
  
    //当table[i]处没有Entry或table[i]处的hash链遍历到链尾,需向table中增加一个Entry,故修改计数modCount+1;  
        modCount++;  
    //该Entry插入在链表头位置,具体见addEntry实现  
        addEntry(hash, key, value, i);   
        return null;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Offloaded version of put for null keys 
     */  
    private V putForNullKey(V value) {  
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {  
            if (e.key == null) {  
                V oldValue = e.value;  
                e.value = value;  
                e.recordAccess(this);  
                return oldValue;  
            }  
        }  
        modCount++;  
        addEntry(0, null, value, 0);  
        return null;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * This method is used instead of put by constructors and 
     * pseudoconstructors (clone, readObject).  It does not resize the table, 
     * check for comodification, etc.  It calls createEntry rather than 
     * addEntry. 
     */  
    private void putForCreate(K key, V value) {  
        int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key.hashCode());  
        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);  
  
        /** 
         * Look for preexisting entry for key.  This will never happen for 
         * clone or deserialize.  It will only happen for construction if the 
         * input Map is a sorted map whose ordering is inconsistent w/ equals. 
         */  
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {  
            Object k;  
            if (e.hash == hash &&  
                ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {  
                e.value = value;  
                return;  
            }  
        }  
  
        createEntry(hash, key, value, i);  
    }  
  
    private void putAllForCreate(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {  
        for (Iterator<? extends Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V>> i = m.entrySet().iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {  
            Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e = i.next();  
            putForCreate(e.getKey(), e.getValue());  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Rehashes the contents of this map into a new array with a 
     * larger capacity.  This method is called automatically when the 
     * number of keys in this map reaches its threshold. 
     * 
     * If current capacity is MAXIMUM_CAPACITY, this method does not 
     * resize the map, but sets threshold to Integer.MAX_VALUE. 
     * This has the effect of preventing future calls. 
     * 
     * @param newCapacity the new capacity, MUST be a power of two; 
     *        must be greater than current capacity unless current 
     *        capacity is MAXIMUM_CAPACITY (in which case value 
     *        is irrelevant). 
     */  
    void resize(int newCapacity) {  
        Entry[] oldTable = table;  
        int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;  
        if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {  
            threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;  
            return;  
        }  
  
        Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];  
        transfer(newTable);  
        table = newTable;  
        threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Transfers all entries from current table to newTable. 
     */  
    void transfer(Entry[] newTable) {  
        Entry[] src = table;  
        int newCapacity = newTable.length;  
        for (int j = 0; j < src.length; j++) {  
            Entry<K,V> e = src[j];  
            if (e != null) {  
                src[j] = null;  
                do {  
                    Entry<K,V> next = e.next;  
                    int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);  
                    e.next = newTable[i];  
                    newTable[i] = e;  
                    e = next;  
                } while (e != null);  
            }  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map. 
     * These mappings will replace any mappings that this map had for 
     * any of the keys currently in the specified map. 
     * 
     * @param m mappings to be stored in this map 
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null 
     */  
    public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {  
        int numKeysToBeAdded = m.size();  
        if (numKeysToBeAdded == 0)  
            return;  
  
        /* 
         * Expand the map if the map if the number of mappings to be added 
         * is greater than or equal to threshold.  This is conservative; the 
         * obvious condition is (m.size() + size) >= threshold, but this 
         * condition could result in a map with twice the appropriate capacity, 
         * if the keys to be added overlap with the keys already in this map. 
         * By using the conservative calculation, we subject ourself 
         * to at most one extra resize. 
         */  
        if (numKeysToBeAdded > threshold) {  
            int targetCapacity = (int)(numKeysToBeAdded / loadFactor + 1);  
            if (targetCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)  
                targetCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;  
            int newCapacity = table.length;  
            while (newCapacity < targetCapacity)  
                newCapacity <<= 1;  
            if (newCapacity > table.length)  
                resize(newCapacity);  
        }  
  
        for (Iterator<? extends Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V>> i = m.entrySet().iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {  
            Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e = i.next();  
            put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Removes the mapping for the specified key from this map if present. 
     * 
     * @param  key key whose mapping is to be removed from the map 
     * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or 
     *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>. 
     *         (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map 
     *         previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.) 
     */  
    public V remove(Object key) {  
        Entry<K,V> e = removeEntryForKey(key);  
        return (e == null ? null : e.value);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Removes and returns the entry associated with the specified key 
     * in the HashMap.  Returns null if the HashMap contains no mapping 
     * for this key. 
     */  
    final Entry<K,V> removeEntryForKey(Object key) {  
        int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key.hashCode());  
        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);  
        Entry<K,V> prev = table[i];  
        Entry<K,V> e = prev;  
  
        while (e != null) {  
            Entry<K,V> next = e.next;  
            Object k;  
            if (e.hash == hash &&  
                ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {  
                modCount++;  
                size--;  
                if (prev == e)  
                    table[i] = next;  
                else  
                    prev.next = next;  
                e.recordRemoval(this);  
                return e;  
            }  
            prev = e;  
            e = next;  
        }  
  
        return e;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Special version of remove for EntrySet. 
     */  
    final Entry<K,V> removeMapping(Object o) {  
        if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))  
            return null;  
  
        Map.Entry<K,V> entry = (Map.Entry<K,V>) o;  
        Object key = entry.getKey();  
        int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key.hashCode());  
        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);  
        Entry<K,V> prev = table[i];  
        Entry<K,V> e = prev;  
  
        while (e != null) {  
            Entry<K,V> next = e.next;  
            if (e.hash == hash && e.equals(entry)) {  
                modCount++;  
                size--;  
                if (prev == e)  
                    table[i] = next;  
                else  
                    prev.next = next;  
                e.recordRemoval(this);  
                return e;  
            }  
            prev = e;  
            e = next;  
        }  
  
        return e;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Removes all of the mappings from this map. 
     * The map will be empty after this call returns. 
     */  
    public void clear() {  
        modCount++;  
        Entry[] tab = table;  
        for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; i++)  
        //tab[i]置为null,即减少相应Entry的引用技术,至于Entry的销毁就交给GC机制(vsC++的delete,Java的编程思想啊...)  
            tab[i] = null;  
        size = 0;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the 
     * specified value. 
     * 
     * @param value value whose presence in this map is to be tested 
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the 
     *         specified value 
     */  
    public boolean containsValue(Object value) {  
    if (value == null)  
            return containsNullValue();  
  
    Entry[] tab = table;  
        for (int i = 0; i < tab.length ; i++)  
            for (Entry e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next)  
                if (value.equals(e.value))  
                    return true;  
    return false;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Special-case code for containsValue with null argument 
     */  
    private boolean containsNullValue() {  
    Entry[] tab = table;  
        for (int i = 0; i < tab.length ; i++)  
            for (Entry e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next)  
                if (e.value == null)  
                    return true;  
    return false;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Returns a shallow copy of this <tt>HashMap</tt> instance: the keys and 
     * values themselves are not cloned. 
     * 
     * @return a shallow copy of this map 
     */  
    public Object clone() {  
        HashMap<K,V> result = null;  
    try {  
        result = (HashMap<K,V>)super.clone();  
    } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {  
        // assert false;  
    }  
        result.table = new Entry[table.length];  
        result.entrySet = null;  
        result.modCount = 0;  
        result.size = 0;  
        result.init();  
        result.putAllForCreate(this);  
  
        return result;  
    }  
  
    static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {  
        final K key;  
        V value;  
        Entry<K,V> next;  
        final int hash;  
  
        /** 
         * Creates new entry. 
         */  
        Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) {  
            value = v;  
            next = n;  
            key = k;  
            hash = h;  
        }  
  
        public final K getKey() {  
            return key;  
        }  
  
        public final V getValue() {  
            return value;  
        }  
  
        public final V setValue(V newValue) {  
        V oldValue = value;  
            value = newValue;  
            return oldValue;  
        }  
  
        public final boolean equals(Object o) {  
            if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))  
                return false;  
            Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)o;  
            Object k1 = getKey();  
            Object k2 = e.getKey();  
            if (k1 == k2 || (k1 != null && k1.equals(k2))) {  
                Object v1 = getValue();  
                Object v2 = e.getValue();  
                if (v1 == v2 || (v1 != null && v1.equals(v2)))  
                    return true;  
            }  
            return false;  
        }  
  
        public final int hashCode() {  
            return (key==null   ? 0 : key.hashCode()) ^  
                   (value==null ? 0 : value.hashCode());  
        }  
  
        public final String toString() {  
            return getKey() + "=" + getValue();  
        }  
  
        /** 
         * This method is invoked whenever the value in an entry is 
         * overwritten by an invocation of put(k,v) for a key k that's already 
         * in the HashMap. 
         */  
        void recordAccess(HashMap<K,V> m) {  
        }  
  
        /** 
         * This method is invoked whenever the entry is 
         * removed from the table. 
         */  
        void recordRemoval(HashMap<K,V> m) {  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Adds a new entry with the specified key, value and hash code to 
     * the specified bucket.  It is the responsibility of this 
     * method to resize the table if appropriate. 
     * 
     * Subclass overrides this to alter the behavior of put method. 
     */  
    void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {  
    Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];  
        table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, e);  
        if (size++ >= threshold)  
            resize(2 * table.length);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Like addEntry except that this version is used when creating entries 
     * as part of Map construction or "pseudo-construction" (cloning, 
     * deserialization).  This version needn't worry about resizing the table. 
     * 
     * Subclass overrides this to alter the behavior of HashMap(Map), 
     * clone, and readObject. 
     */  
    void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {  
    Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];  
        table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, e);  
        size++;  
    }  
  
    private abstract class HashIterator<E> implements Iterator<E> {  
        Entry<K,V> next;  // next entry to return  
        int expectedModCount;   // For fast-fail  
        int index;      // current slot  
        Entry<K,V> current;   // current entry  
  
        HashIterator() {  
            expectedModCount = modCount;  
            if (size > 0) { // advance to first entry  
                Entry[] t = table;  
                while (index < t.length && (next = t[index++]) == null)  
                    ;  
            }  
        }  
  
        public final boolean hasNext() {  
            return next != null;  
        }  
  
        final Entry<K,V> nextEntry() {  
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)  
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();  
            Entry<K,V> e = next;  
            if (e == null)  
                throw new NoSuchElementException();  
  
            if ((next = e.next) == null) {  
                Entry[] t = table;  
                while (index < t.length && (next = t[index++]) == null)  
                    ;  
            }  
        current = e;  
            return e;  
        }  
  
        public void remove() {  
            if (current == null)  
                throw new IllegalStateException();  
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)  
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();  
            Object k = current.key;  
            current = null;  
            HashMap.this.removeEntryForKey(k);  
            expectedModCount = modCount;  
        }  
  
    }  
  
    private final class ValueIterator extends HashIterator<V> {  
        public V next() {  
            return nextEntry().value;  
        }  
    }  
  
    private final class KeyIterator extends HashIterator<K> {  
        public K next() {  
            return nextEntry().getKey();  
        }  
    }  
  
    private final class EntryIterator extends HashIterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {  
        public Map.Entry<K,V> next() {  
            return nextEntry();  
        }  
    }  
  
    // Subclass overrides these to alter behavior of views' iterator() method  
    Iterator<K> newKeyIterator()   {  
        return new KeyIterator();  
    }  
    Iterator<V> newValueIterator()   {  
        return new ValueIterator();  
    }  
    Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> newEntryIterator()   {  
        return new EntryIterator();  
    }  
  
  
    // Views  
  
    private transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet = null;  
  
    /** 
     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this map. 
     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are 
     * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.  If the map is modified 
     * while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through 
     * the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation), the results of 
     * the iteration are undefined.  The set supports element removal, 
     * which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the 
     * <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, <tt>Set.remove</tt>, 
     * <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt>, and <tt>clear</tt> 
     * operations.  It does not support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> 
     * operations. 
     */  
    public Set<K> keySet() {  
        Set<K> ks = keySet;  
        return (ks != null ? ks : (keySet = new KeySet()));  
    }  
  
    private final class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K> {  
        public Iterator<K> iterator() {  
            return newKeyIterator();  
        }  
        public int size() {  
            return size;  
        }  
        public boolean contains(Object o) {  
            return containsKey(o);  
        }  
        public boolean remove(Object o) {  
            return HashMap.this.removeEntryForKey(o) != null;  
        }  
        public void clear() {  
            HashMap.this.clear();  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Returns a {@link Collection} view of the values contained in this map. 
     * The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are 
     * reflected in the collection, and vice-versa.  If the map is 
     * modified while an iteration over the collection is in progress 
     * (except through the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation), 
     * the results of the iteration are undefined.  The collection 
     * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding 
     * mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, 
     * <tt>Collection.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>, 
     * <tt>retainAll</tt> and <tt>clear</tt> operations.  It does not 
     * support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations. 
     */  
    public Collection<V> values() {  
        Collection<V> vs = values;  
        return (vs != null ? vs : (values = new Values()));  
    }  
  
    private final class Values extends AbstractCollection<V> {  
        public Iterator<V> iterator() {  
            return newValueIterator();  
        }  
        public int size() {  
            return size;  
        }  
        public boolean contains(Object o) {  
            return containsValue(o);  
        }  
        public void clear() {  
            HashMap.this.clear();  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map. 
     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are 
     * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.  If the map is modified 
     * while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through 
     * the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation, or through the 
     * <tt>setValue</tt> operation on a map entry returned by the 
     * iterator) the results of the iteration are undefined.  The set 
     * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding 
     * mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, 
     * <tt>Set.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt> and 
     * <tt>clear</tt> operations.  It does not support the 
     * <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations. 
     * 
     * @return a set view of the mappings contained in this map 
     */  
    public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {  
    return entrySet0();  
    }  
  
    private Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet0() {  
        Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> es = entrySet;  
        return es != null ? es : (entrySet = new EntrySet());  
    }  
  
    private final class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K,V>> {  
        public Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {  
            return newEntryIterator();  
        }  
        public boolean contains(Object o) {  
            if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))  
                return false;  
            Map.Entry<K,V> e = (Map.Entry<K,V>) o;  
            Entry<K,V> candidate = getEntry(e.getKey());  
            return candidate != null && candidate.equals(e);  
        }  
        public boolean remove(Object o) {  
            return removeMapping(o) != null;  
        }  
        public int size() {  
            return size;  
        }  
        public void clear() {  
            HashMap.this.clear();  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * Save the state of the <tt>HashMap</tt> instance to a stream (i.e., 
     * serialize it). 
     * 
     * @serialData The <i>capacity</i> of the HashMap (the length of the 
     *         bucket array) is emitted (int), followed by the 
     *         <i>size</i> (an int, the number of key-value 
     *         mappings), followed by the key (Object) and value (Object) 
     *         for each key-value mapping.  The key-value mappings are 
     *         emitted in no particular order. 
     */  
    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)  
        throws IOException  
    {  
    Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> i =  
        (size > 0) ? entrySet0().iterator() : null;  
  
    // Write out the threshold, loadfactor, and any hidden stuff  
    s.defaultWriteObject();  
  
    // Write out number of buckets  
    s.writeInt(table.length);  
  
    // Write out size (number of Mappings)  
    s.writeInt(size);  
  
        // Write out keys and values (alternating)  
    if (i != null) {  
        while (i.hasNext()) {  
        Map.Entry<K,V> e = i.next();  
        s.writeObject(e.getKey());  
        s.writeObject(e.getValue());  
        }  
        }  
    }  
  
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 362498820763181265L;  
  
    /** 
     * Reconstitute the <tt>HashMap</tt> instance from a stream (i.e., 
     * deserialize it). 
     */  
    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)  
         throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException  
    {  
    // Read in the threshold, loadfactor, and any hidden stuff  
    s.defaultReadObject();  
  
    // Read in number of buckets and allocate the bucket array;  
    int numBuckets = s.readInt();  
    table = new Entry[numBuckets];  
  
        init();  // Give subclass a chance to do its thing.  
  
    // Read in size (number of Mappings)  
    int size = s.readInt();  
  
    // Read the keys and values, and put the mappings in the HashMap  
    for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {  
        K key = (K) s.readObject();  
        V value = (V) s.readObject();  
        putForCreate(key, value);  
    }  
    }  
  
    // These methods are used when serializing HashSets  
    int   capacity()     { return table.length; }  
    float loadFactor()   { return loadFactor;   }  
}  
</pre>

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