SpringCloud极简入门｜Spring Cloud Gateway 的全局异常处理 （8）

篇章要点

本文将介绍Spring Cloud Gateway如何处理全局异常，统一处理经过路由的异常（返回前端json格式）

场景描述 

新建 路由Gateway模块：8100和 生产者模块8012（有个test方法）

正常流程访问http://localhost:8100/api8/test ，此时路由转发返回正常数据

但是，但是，如果此时生产者宕机了（假如哈） ，路由 不配置异常处理的化，展现给调用方的是如下页面

 

配置处理全局异常后 ，此时返回给调用方的是如下页面

结论：网关都是给接口做代理转发的，后端对应的都是REST API，返回数据格式都是JSON。如果不做处理，当发生异常时，Gateway默认给出的错误信息是页面，不方便前端进行异常处理。可见后者友好一些

如何快速配置全局异常

Spring Cloud Gateway中的全局异常处理不能直接用@ControllerAdvice来处理，需自定义一些处理逻辑来符合业务的需求。

很简单就2步：

1.创建JsonExceptionHandler类

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ResourceProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.error.ErrorAttributes;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.*;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @Description: ${todo}(用一句话描述该文件做什么)
 * @Author: zzh
 * @Modified By:
 * @Date: 2019/2/21 15:16
 */
public class JsonExceptionHandler extends DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler {

    public JsonExceptionHandler(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes, ResourceProperties resourceProperties,
                                ErrorProperties errorProperties, ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        super(errorAttributes, resourceProperties, errorProperties, applicationContext);
    }

    /**
     * 获取异常属性
     */
    @Override
    protected Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest request, boolean includeStackTrace) {
        int code = 500;
        Throwable error = super.getError(request);
        if (error instanceof org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.NotFoundException) {
            code = 404;
        }
        return response(code, this.buildMessage(request, error));
    }

    /**
     * 指定响应处理方法为JSON处理的方法
     * @param errorAttributes
     */
    @Override
    protected RouterFunction<ServerResponse> getRoutingFunction(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
        return RouterFunctions.route(RequestPredicates.all(), this::renderErrorResponse);
    }

    /**
     * 根据code获取对应的HttpStatus
     * @param errorAttributes
     */
    @Override
    protected HttpStatus getHttpStatus(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes) {
        int statusCode = (int) errorAttributes.get("code");
        return HttpStatus.valueOf(statusCode);
    }

    /**
     * 构建异常信息
     * @param request
     * @param ex
     * @return
     */
    private String buildMessage(ServerRequest request, Throwable ex) {
        StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder("Failed to handle request [");
        message.append(request.methodName());
        message.append(" ");
        message.append(request.uri());
        message.append("]");
        if (ex != null) {
            message.append(": ");
            message.append(ex.getMessage());
        }
        return message.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 构建返回的JSON数据格式
     * @param status        状态码
     * @param errorMessage  异常信息
     * @return
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> response(int status, String errorMessage) {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("code", status);
        map.put("message", errorMessage);
        map.put("data", null);
        return map;
    }
}

2.创建配置信息ErrorHandlerConfiguration

import com.gla.datacenter.filter.JsonExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectProvider;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ResourceProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.error.ErrorAttributes;
import org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.http.codec.ServerCodecConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.result.view.ViewResolver;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 如：停止privider服务后，此时就会出现json提示的异常
 * {"code":500,"data":null,"message":"Failed to handle request [GET http://localhost:8100/api8/test]: Connection refused: no further information: /192.168.26.70:8012"}
 * @Description: 覆盖默认的异常处理
 * @Author: zzh
 * @Modified By:
 * @Date: 2019/2/21 15:18
 */

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ServerProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class})
public class ErrorHandlerConfiguration {


    private final ServerProperties serverProperties;

    private final ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;

    private final List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers;

    private final ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer;

    public ErrorHandlerConfiguration(ServerProperties serverProperties,
                                     ResourceProperties resourceProperties,
                                     ObjectProvider<List<ViewResolver>> viewResolversProvider,
                                     ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer,
                                     ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        this.serverProperties = serverProperties;
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
        this.viewResolvers = viewResolversProvider.getIfAvailable(Collections::emptyList);
        this.serverCodecConfigurer = serverCodecConfigurer;
    }

    @Bean
    @Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
    public ErrorWebExceptionHandler errorWebExceptionHandler(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
        JsonExceptionHandler exceptionHandler = new JsonExceptionHandler(
                errorAttributes,
                this.resourceProperties,
                this.serverProperties.getError(),
                this.applicationContext);
        exceptionHandler.setViewResolvers(this.viewResolvers);
        exceptionHandler.setMessageWriters(this.serverCodecConfigurer.getWriters());
        exceptionHandler.setMessageReaders(this.serverCodecConfigurer.getReaders());
        return exceptionHandler;
    }
}

总结

异常时如何返回JSON而不是HTML?

在org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler中的getRoutingFunction()方法就是控制返回格式的，原代码如下：

@Override
protected RouterFunction<ServerResponse> getRoutingFunction(
            ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
       return RouterFunctions.route(acceptsTextHtml(), this::renderErrorView)
                .andRoute(RequestPredicates.all(), this::renderErrorResponse);
}

这边优先是用HTML来显示的，想用JSON的改下就可以了，如下：

protected RouterFunction<ServerResponse> getRoutingFunction(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
       return RouterFunctions.route(RequestPredicates.all(), this::renderErrorResponse);
}

• getHttpStatus需要重写

原始的方法是通过status来获取对应的HttpStatus的，代码如下：

protected HttpStatus getHttpStatus(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes) {
      int statusCode = (int) errorAttributes.get("status");
      return HttpStatus.valueOf(statusCode);
}

如果我们定义的格式中没有status字段的话，这么就会报错，找不到对应的响应码，要么返回数据格式中增加status子段，要么重写，我这边返回的是code，所以要重写，代码如下：

@Override
protected HttpStatus getHttpStatus(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes) {
    int statusCode = (int) errorAttributes.get("code");
    return HttpStatus.valueOf(statusCode);
}