django学习笔记一

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-12 17:35:10 发布

玉蜀黍芯

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-12 17:35:10 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zzmtkj/article/details/104536261

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验证安装

import django

print(django.get_vesion())

python3 -m django --version

创建项目

django-admin startproject mysite

运行

python3 manage.py runserver

创建应用

python3 manage.py startapp polls

添加应用

setting.py中添加

INSTALLED_APPS = [
	'polls.apps.PoolsConfig',
	.....
]

模型

import datetime
from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone

#问题表模型
class Question(models.Model):
    def __str__(self):
        return self.question_text
    
    def was_publish_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)

    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200) #问题内容
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published') #提问日期

#选择表模型
class Choice(models.Model):
    def __str__(self):
        return self.choice_text
    
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE) #问题
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200) #选择内容
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0) #数量

生成数据表

python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate

交互式API

python3 manage.py shell
from polls.models import Question, Choice
Question.objects.all()
from django.utils import timezone
q = Question(question_text="What's new?", pub_date=timezone.now())
q.save()
q.id
q.question_text
q.pub_date
q.question_text = "What's up?"
q.save()
Question.objects.all()
Question.objects.filter(id=1)
Question.objects.filter(question_text__startswith='What')
from django.utils import timezone
current_year = timezone.now().year
Question.objects.filter(pub_date__year=current_year)
Question.objects.get(id=2)
Question.objects.get(pk=1)
q = Question.objects.get(pk=1)
q.was_published_recently()
q = Question.objects.get(pk=1)
q.choice_set_all()
q.choice_set.create(choice_text='Not much', votes=0)
q.choice_set.create(choice_text='The sky', votes=0)
c = q.choice_set_create(choice_text='Just hacking again', votes=0)
c.question
q.choice_set.all()
q.choice_set.count()
Choice.objects.filter(question__pub_date__year=current_year)
c = q.choice_set.filter(choice_text__startswith='Just hacking')
c.delete()

创建管理员

python3 manage.py createsuperuser

向管理页面加入应用(admin.py)

admin.site.register(Question)
admin.site.register(Choice)

polls/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'polls'

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),
    path('<int:pk>/', views.DetailView.as_view(), name='detail'),
    path('<int:pk>/results/', views.ResultsView.as_view(), name='results'),
    path('<int:question_id>/vote/', views.vote, name='vote')
]

polls/views.py

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.urls import reverse
from django.views import generic
from .models import Question, Choice

class IndexView(generic.ListView):
    template_name = 'polls/index.html'
    context_object_name = 'latest_question_list'

    def get_queryset(self):
        return Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]

class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
   model = Question
   template_name = 'polls/detail.html'

class ResultsView(generic.DetailView):
    model = Question
    template_name = 'polls/results.html'

def vote(request, question_id):
    print('choice=%s'%request.POST['choice'])
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
        # Redisplay the question voting form.
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {
            'question': question,
            'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.",
        })
    else:
        selected_choice.votes += 1
        selected_choice.save()
        # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
        # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
        # user hits the Back button.
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(question.id,)))

polls/templates/polls/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
{% if latest_question_list %}
{% for question in latest_question_list %}
<ul>
    <li>
        <a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">
            {{question.question_text}}
        </a>
    </li>
</ul>
{% endfor %}
{% else %}
<p>No polls are avaiable</p>
{% endif %}
</body>
</html>

polls/templates/polls/detail.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>详情页</title>
</head>
<body>
   {{question.question_text}}
    {% if error_message %}
    <p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>
    {% endif %}
    <form action="{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
            <input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{forloop.counter}}" value="{{choice.id}}">
            <label for="choice{{forloop.counter}}">{{choice.choice_text}}</label><br>
        {% endfor %}
        <input type="submit" value="Vote">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

polls/template/polls/results.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>results</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>
<ul>
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
    <li>
        {{ choice.choice_text }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}
    </li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<a href="{% url'polls:detail'question.id %}">Vote again?</a>
</body>
</html>

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django学习笔记一

验证安装import djangoprint(django.get_vesion())python3 -m django --version创建项目django-admin startproject mysite运行python3 manage.py runserver创建应用python3 manage.py startapp polls添加应用setting.py中...
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