归档学习记录

归档和Java中得序列化机制类似，都是将对象以某个格式保存在制定文件中，方便以后再从文件中恢复它们。

Foundation中常用的类如NSDictionary均实现了NSCoding方法，可以直接序列化

自定义的OC对象需要实现NSCoding协议，并实现其中的两个方法：

- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder 

看例子：

Student.h:

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Student : NSObject  <NSCoding>

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, assign) int age;

- (id)initWithName: (NSString *) name andAge: (int) age;
+ (id)studentWithName: (NSString *)name andAge: (int) age;


@end

Student.m

#import "Student.h"

@implementation Student

- (id)initWithName:(NSString *)name andAge:(int)age {
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.name = name;
        self.age = age;
    }
    
    return self;
}

+ (id)studentWithName:(NSString *)name andAge:(int)age {
    Student *student = [[Student alloc] initWithName:name andAge:age];
    return student;
}

#pragma mark 归档
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder {
    // 调用NSCoder的方法归档对象的每一个变量
    [aCoder encodeObject:_name forKey: @"name"];
    [aCoder encodeInteger:_age forKey: @"age"];
}

#pragma mark 从归档中恢复对象
-(id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder {
    NSString *name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey: @"name"];
    int age = [aDecoder decodeIntegerForKey: @"age"];
    
    return [Student studentWithName:name andAge:age];
}

-(NSString *)description {
    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name = %@, age = %i", _name, _age];
}

@end

main.m

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Student.h"

#pragma mark 归档系统已经实现NSCoding协议的对象（如NSDictionary）
void archiver() {
    NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"v1", @"k1", @"v2", @"k2", @"v3", @"k3", nil];
    [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:dict toFile: @"/Users/zzqiltw/Desktop/dict.archiver"];// 打开文件后是乱码
    
    NSDictionary *dict2 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:@"/Users/zzqiltw/Desktop/dict.archiver"];
    [dict2 enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id key, id obj, BOOL *stop) {
        NSLog(@"%@ -> %@", key, obj);
    }];
}

#pragma mark 归档自定义的已经实现NSCoding协议的对象Student
void archiver2() {
    Student *student = [Student studentWithName:@"zzq" andAge:22];
    [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:student toFile:@"/Users/zzqiltw/Desktop/student.archiver"];
    
    Student *student2 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:@"/Users/zzqiltw/Desktop/student.archiver"];
    
    NSLog(@"student2: %@", student2);
}

#pragma mark 多对象归档
void archiver3() {
    Student *student = [Student studentWithName:@"zzq" andAge:22];
    NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"v1", @"k1", @"v2", @"k2", @"v3", @"k3", nil];

    // 创建一个NSMutableData用来保存归档数据，多个对象归档完data写入文件
    NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData data];
    NSKeyedArchiver *archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:data];
    
    [archiver encodeObject:dict forKey:@"myDict"];
    [archiver encodeObject:student forKey:@"aStudent"];
    [archiver encodeInteger:10 forKey:@"int"];
    [archiver finishEncoding];
    
    if ([data writeToFile:@"/Users/zzqiltw/Desktop/Objects.archiver" atomically:YES] == NO) {
        NSLog(@"归档失败");
    } else {
        NSLog(@"归档成功");
    }
    
    NSMutableData *newData = [NSMutableData dataWithContentsOfFile:@"/Users/zzqiltw/Desktop/Objects.archiver"];
    NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:newData];
    Student *newStudent = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"aStudent"];
    NSInteger a = [unarchiver decodeIntegerForKey:@"int"];
    NSDictionary *newDict = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"myDict"];
    
    NSLog(@"%@", newStudent);
    NSLog(@"%@", newDict);
    NSLog(@"%zi", a);
    
    
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{

    @autoreleasepool {
//        archiver();
//        archiver2();
        archiver3();
    }
    return 0;
}