NSString的常用方法，包括查找、切割、比较

//
//  main.m
//  NSString的各种常用方法
//
//  Created by zzqiltw on 14-5-26.
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 zzqiltw. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

#pragma mark 字符串的比较
void testCompare() {
    if ([@"abc" isEqualToString:@"abc"]) {
        NSLog(@"两个字符串内容相等");
    }
    
    /*
     typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSComparisonResult) {NSOrderedAscending = -1L, NSOrderedSame, NSOrderedDescending};
     */
    NSComparisonResult result = [@"abc" compare:@"aBd"];
    if (result == NSOrderedAscending) {
        //升序，即左边 < 右边
        NSLog(@"左边 < 右边");
    } else if (result == NSOrderedSame) {
        NSLog(@"左边 = 右边");
    } else {
        //NSOrderedDescending降序
        NSLog(@"左边 > 右边");
    }
}

#pragma mark 字符串的搜索
void testSearch() {
    NSString *str = @"123haha.txt";
    
    BOOL result = [str hasPrefix:@"123"];
    NSLog(@"是否以123开头？%i", result);
    
    result = [str hasSuffix:@".txt"];
    NSLog(@"是否以.txt结尾？%i", result);
    
    // 类似于Java中得indexOf
    NSRange range = [str rangeOfString:@"ha"];
    if (range.location != NSNotFound) {
        NSLog(@"找到字符串！范围是：%@", NSStringFromRange(range));
    } else {
        NSLog(@"找不到字符串！");
    }
    
    // 从尾部开始找
    range = [str rangeOfString:@"ha" options:NSBackwardsSearch];
    NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromRange(range));
}

#pragma mark 字符串截取(Java subString)
void testSubString() {
    NSString *str = @"123456789";
    
    // 从5（包括5）截到结尾:6789
    NSString *sub = [str substringFromIndex:5];
    NSLog(@"%@", sub);
    
    // 从开头截到5(不包括5):12345
    sub = [str substringToIndex:5];
    NSLog(@"%@", sub);
    
    // 给定一个范围截取:从索引3开始长度为2的范围（45）
    NSRange range = NSMakeRange(3, 2);
    sub = [str substringWithRange:range];
    NSLog(@"%@", sub);
    
    // 切割字符串（Java split）
    NSString *str2 = @"abc-de-f-ghi";
    NSArray *array = [str2 componentsSeparatedByString:@"-"];
    NSLog(@"%@", array);
}

#pragma mark 字符串和其他类型转换
void testTransf() {
    // 转整型
    NSString *str = @"123";
    int a = [str intValue];
    NSLog(@"%i", a);
    
    // 计算长度
    NSLog(@"%zi", [@"Hello世界" length]);
    
    // 取出字符
    unichar c = [str characterAtIndex:0];
    NSLog(@"%c", c);
    
    // 转换成C语言风格的字符串
    const char *s = [str UTF8String];
    NSLog(@"%s", s);
    
}

#pragma mark main
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{

    @autoreleasepool {
//        testCompare();
//        testSearch();
//        testSubString();
        testTransf();
    }
    return 0;
}