两个关键的c文件实现了一个Y86模拟器和一个Y86汇编器
Y86模拟器源代码：
/* Instruction set simulator for Y86 Architecture */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "y86sim.h"
#define err_print(_s, _a ...) \
fprintf(stdout, _s"\n", _a);
long_t get_reg_val(mem_t*, regid_t);
void set_reg_val(mem_t*, regid_t,long_t);
typedef enum {STAT_AOK, STAT_HLT, STAT_ADR, STAT_INS} stat_t;
char *stat_names[] = { "AOK", "HLT", "ADR", "INS" };
char *stat_name(stat_t e)
{
if (e < STAT_AOK || e > STAT_INS)
return "Invalid Status";
return stat_names[e];
}
char *cc_names[8] = {
"Z=0 S=0 O=0",
"Z=0 S=0 O=1",
"Z=0 S=1 O=0",
"Z=0 S=1 O=1",
"Z=1 S=0 O=0",
"Z=1 S=0 O=1",
"Z=1 S=1 O=0",
"Z=1 S=1 O=1" };
char *cc_name(cc_t c)
{
int ci = c;
if (ci < 0 || ci > 7)
return "???????????";
else
return cc_names[c];
}
bool_t get_byte_val(mem_t *m, long_t addr, byte_t *dest)
{
if (addr < 0 || addr >= m->len)
return FALSE;
*dest = m->data[addr];
return TRUE;
}
bool_t get_long_val(mem_t *m, long_t addr, long_t *dest)
{
int i;
long_t val;
if (addr < 0 || addr + 4 > m->len)
return FALSE;
val = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
val = val | m->data[addr+i]<<(8*i);
*dest = val;
return TRUE;
}
bool_t set_byte_val(mem_t *m, long_t addr, byte_t val)
{
if (addr < 0 || addr >= m->len)
return FALSE;
m->data[addr] = val;
return TRUE;
}
bool_t set_long_val(mem_t *m, long_t addr, long_t val)
{
int i;
if (addr < 0 || addr + 4 > m->len)
return FALSE;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
m->data[addr+i] = val & 0xFF;
val >>= 8;
}
return TRUE;
}
bool_t push_long_val(y86sim_t *sim, long_t val)
{
long_t regESP_cont = get_reg_val(sim->r,REG_ESP) - 0x4;
set_reg_val(sim->r,REG_ESP ,regESP_cont);
if(!set_long_val(sim->m,regESP_cont,val))
return FALSE;
return TRUE;
}
bool_t pop_long_val(y86sim_t *sim,long_t *dest)
{
long_t regESP_cont = get_reg_val(sim->r,REG_ESP);
if(!get_long_val(sim->m,regESP_cont,dest))
return FALSE;
set_reg_val(sim->r,REG_ESP,regESP_cont+0x4);
return TRUE;
}
mem_t *init_mem(int len)
{
mem_t *m = (mem_t *)malloc(sizeof(mem_t));
len = ((len+BLK_SIZE-1)/BLK_SIZE)*BLK_SIZE;
m->len = len;
m->data = (byte_t *)calloc(len, 1);
return m;
}
void free_mem(mem_t *m)
{
free((void *) m->data);
free((void *) m);
}
mem_t *dup_mem(mem_t *oldm)
{
mem_t *newm = init_mem(oldm->len);
memcpy(newm->data, oldm->data, oldm->len);
return newm;
}
bool_t diff_mem(mem_t *oldm, mem_t *newm, FILE *outfile)
{
long_t pos;
int len = oldm->len;
bool_t diff = FALSE;
if (newm->len < len)
len = newm->len;
for (pos = 0; (!diff || outfile) && pos < len; pos += 4) {
long_t ov = 0; long_t nv = 0;
get_long_val(oldm, pos, &ov);
get_long_val(newm, pos, &nv);
if (nv != ov) {
diff = TRUE;
if (outfile)
fprintf(outfile, "0x%.4x:\t0x%.8x\t0x%.8x\n", pos, ov, nv);
}
}
return diff;
}
reg_t reg_table[REG_CNT] = {
{"%eax", REG_EAX},
{"%ecx", REG_ECX},
{"%edx", REG_EDX},
{"%ebx", REG_EBX},
{"%esp", REG_ESP},
{"%ebp", REG_EBP},
{"%esi", REG_ESI},
{"%edi", REG_EDI},
};
long_t get_reg_val(mem_t *r, regid_t id)
{
long_t val = 0;
if (id >= REG_NONE)
return 0;
get_long_val(r, id*4, &val);
return val;
}
void set_reg_val(mem_t *r, regid_t id, long_t val)
{
if (id < REG_NONE)
set_long_val(r, id*4, val);
}
mem_t *init_reg()
{
return init_mem(REG_SIZE);
}
void free_reg(mem_t *r)
{
free_mem(r);
}
mem_t *dup_reg(mem_t *oldr)
{
return dup_mem(oldr);
}
bool_t diff_reg(mem_t *oldr, mem_t *newr, FILE *outfile)
{
long_t pos;
int len = oldr->len;
bool_t diff = FALSE;
if (newr->len < len)
len = newr->len;
for (pos = 0; (!diff || outfile) && pos < len; pos += 4) {
long_t ov = 0;
long_t nv = 0;
get_long_val(oldr, pos, &ov);
get_long_val(newr, pos, &nv);
if (nv != ov) {
diff = TRUE;
if (outfile)
fprintf(outfile, "%s:\t0x%.8x\t0x%.8x\n",
reg_table[pos/4].name, ov, nv);
}
}
return diff;
}
/* create an y86 image with registers and memory */
y86sim_t *new_y86sim(int slen)
{
y86sim_t *sim = (y86sim_t*)malloc(sizeof(y86sim_t));
sim->pc = 0;
sim->r = init_reg();
sim->m = init_mem(slen);
sim->cc = DEFAULT_CC;
return sim;
}
void free_y86sim(y86sim_t *sim)
{
free_reg(sim->r);
free_mem(sim->m);
free((void *) sim);
}
/* load binary code and data from file to memory image */
int load_binfile(mem_t *m, FILE *f)
{
int flen;
clearerr(f);
flen = fread(m->data, sizeof(byte_t), m->len, f);
if (ferror(f)) {
err_print("fread() failed (0x%x)", flen);
return -1;
}
if (!feof(f)) {
err_print("too large memory footprint (0x%x)", flen);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* compute_alu: do ALU operations
* args
* op: operations (A_ADD, A_SUB, A_AND, A_XOR)
* argA: the first argument
* argB: the second argument
*
* return
* val: the result of operation on argA and argB
*/
long_t compute_alu(alu_t op, long_t argA, long_t argB)
{
switch (op) {
case A_ADD:
return argB + argA;
case A_SUB:
return argB - argA;
case A_AND:
return argB & argA;
case A_XOR:
return argB ^ argA;
case A_NONE: /* act as default */
default:
return 0;
}
}
/*
* compute_cc: modify condition codes according to operations
* args
* op: operations (A_ADD, A_SUB, A_AND, A_XOR)
* argA: the first argument
* argB: the second argument
* val: the result of operation on argA and argB
*
* return
* PACK_CC: the final condition codes
*/
cc_t compute_cc(alu_t op, long_t argA, long_t argB, long_t val)
{
bool_t zero = FALSE;
bool_t sign = FALSE;
bool_t ovf = FALSE;
zero = val == 0;
sign = val < 0;
switch (op) {
case A_ADD:
if (argA > 0 && argB > 0)
ovf = val < 0;
else if (argA < 0 && argB < 0)
ovf = val >= 0;
else
ovf = 0;
break;
case A_SUB:
if (-argA > 0 && argB > 0)
ovf = val < 0;
else if (-argA < 0 && argB < 0)
ovf = val >= 0;
else
ovf = 0;
break;
case A_AND: case A_XOR:
break;
case A_NONE:
zero = FALSE;
sign = FALSE;
break;
}
return PACK_CC(zero,sign,ovf);
}
/*
* cond_doit: whether do (mov or jmp) it?
* args
* PACK_CC: the current condition codes
* cond: conditions (C_YES, C_LE, C_L, C_E, C_NE, C_GE, C_G)
*
* return
* TRUE: do it
* FALSE: not do it
*/
bool_t cond_doit(cc_t cc, cond_t cond)
{
switch (cond) {
case C_YES:
return TRUE;
case C_LE:
return (GET_SF(cc) ^ GET_OF(cc))| GET_ZF(cc);
case C_L:
return GET_SF(cc) ^ GET_OF(cc);
break;
case C_E:
return GET_ZF(cc);
case C_NE:
return !GET_ZF(cc);
case C_GE:
return !(GET_SF(cc) ^ GET_OF(cc));
case C_G:
return !(GET_SF(cc) ^ GET_OF(cc)) & !GET_ZF(cc);
default:
return FALSE;
}
}
/*
* nexti: execute single instruction and return status.
* args
* sim: the y86 image with PC, register and memory
*
* return
* STAT_AOK: continue
* STAT_HLT: halt
* STAT_ADR: invalid instruction address
* STAT_INS: invalid instruction, register id, data address, stack address, ...
*/
stat_t nexti(y86sim_t *sim)
{
byte_t codefun = 0;
itype_t icode;
alu_t ifun;
long_t next_pc = sim->pc;
regid_t regA = REG_NONE, regB = REG_NONE;
long_t imm;
/* get code and function (1 byte) */
if (!get_byte_val(sim->m, next_pc, &codefun)) {
err_print("PC = 0x%x, Invalid instruction address", sim->pc);
return STAT_ADR;
}
icode = GET_ICODE(codefun);
ifun = GET_FUN(codefun);
next_pc++;
/* get registers if needed (1 byte) */
switch (icode) {
case I_RRMOVL: case I_IRMOVL: case I_RMMOVL: case I_MRMOVL: case I_ALU: case I_POPL: case I_PUSHL:
if (!get_byte_val(sim->m, next_pc, &codefun)) {
err_print("PC = 0x%x, Invalid instruction address", sim->pc);
return STAT_ADR;
}
regA = GET_REGA(codefun);
regB = GET_REGB(codefun);
next_pc++;
break;
default:
break;
}
/* get immediate if needed (4 bytes) */
switch (icode) {
case I_IRMOVL: case I_RMMOVL: case I_MRMOVL: case I_JMP: case I_CALL:
if (!get_long_val(sim->m, next_pc, &imm)) {
err_print("PC = 0x%x, Invalid instruction address", sim->pc);
return STAT_ADR;
}
next_pc += 0x4;
break;
default:
break;
}
/* execute the instruction */
switch (icode) {
case I_HALT: /* 0:0 */
return STAT_HLT;
break;
case I_NOP: /* 1:0 */
sim->pc = next_pc;
break;
case I_RRMOVL: /* 2:x regA:regB */
sim->pc = next_pc;
if(!cond_doit(sim->cc,ifun))
break;
set_reg_val(sim->r,regB,get_reg_val(sim->r,regA));
break;
case I_IRMOVL: /* 3:0 F:regB imm */
if (regA != 0xF) {
err_print("PC = 0x%x, Invalid instruction address", sim->pc);
return STAT_ADR;
}
set_reg_val(sim->r,regB,imm);
sim->pc = next_pc;
break;
case I_RMMOVL: /* 4:0 regA:regB imm */
{
long_t regB_cont = get_reg_val(sim->r,regB);
if(!set_long_val(sim->m, imm+regB_cont, get_reg_val(sim->r,regA))) {
err_print("PC = 0x%x, Invalid data address 0x%x",
sim->pc,regB_cont+imm);
return STAT_ADR;
}
sim->pc = next_pc;
break;
}
case I_MRMOVL: /* 5:0 regB:regA imm */
{
long_t cont;
if(!get_long_val(sim->m,get_reg_val(sim->r,regB)+imm,&cont)) {
err_print("PC = 0x%x, Invalid data address 0x%x",
sim->pc,get_reg_val(sim->r,regB)+imm);
return STAT_ADR;
}
set_reg_val(sim->r,regA,cont);
sim->pc = next_pc;
break;
}
case I_ALU: /* 6:x regA:regB */
{
long_t regA_cont = get_reg_val(sim->r,regA),
regB_cont = get_reg_val(sim->r,regB);
long_t res = compute_alu(ifun,regA_cont,regB_cont);
sim->cc = compute_cc(ifun,regA_cont,regB_cont,res);
set_reg_val(sim->r,regB,res);
sim->pc = next_pc;
break;
}
case I_JMP: /* 7:x imm */
if(cond_doit(sim->cc,ifun))
sim->pc = imm;
else
sim->pc = next_pc;
break;
case I_CALL: /* 8:x imm */
if(imm < 0 || imm > sim->m->len) {
err_print("WTFatCALL %x",sim->pc);
return STAT_ADR;
}
else {
sim->pc = imm;
if(!push_long_val(sim,next_pc)) {
err_print("PC = 0x%x, Invalid stack address 0x%x",
sim->pc,get_reg_val(sim->r,REG_ESP));
return STAT_ADR;
}
}
break;
case I_RET: /* 9:0 */
if(!pop_long_val(sim,&(sim->pc))) {
err_print("PC = 0x%x, Invalid stack address 0x%x",
sim->pc,get_reg_val(sim->r,REG_ESP));
return STAT_ADR;
}
break;
case I_PUSHL: /* A:0 regA:F */
if(!push_long_val(sim,get_reg_val(sim->r,regA))) {
err_print("PC = 0x%x, Invalid stack address 0x%x",
sim->pc,get_reg_val(sim->r,REG_ESP));
return STAT_ADR;
}
sim->pc = next_pc;
break;
case I_POPL: /* B:0 regA:F */
{
sim->pc = next_pc;
if(regB != 0xF) {
err_print("PC = 0x%x, Invalid instruction %.2x", sim->pc, codefun);
return STAT_INS;
}
long_t val;
if(!pop_long_val(sim,&val)) {
err_print("PC = 0x%x, Invalid stack address 0x%x",
sim->pc,get_reg_val(sim->r,REG_ESP));
return STAT_ADR;
}
set_reg_val(sim->r,regA,val);
break;
}
default:
err_print("PC = 0x%x, Invalid instruction %.2x", sim->pc, codefun);
return STAT_INS;
}
return STAT_AOK;
}
void usage(char *pname)
{
printf("Usage: %s file.bin [max_steps]\n", pname);
exit(0);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
FILE *binfile;
int max_steps = MAX_STEP;
y86sim_t *sim;
mem_t *saver, *savem;
int step = 0;
stat_t e = STAT_AOK;
if (argc < 2 || argc > 3)
usage(argv[0]);
/* set max steps */
if (argc > 2)
max_steps = atoi(argv[2]);
/* load binary file to memory */
if (strcmp(argv[1]+(strlen(argv[1])-4), ".bin"))
usage(argv[0]); /* only support *.bin file */
binfile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
if (!binfile) {
err_print("Can't open binary file '%s'", argv[1]);
exit(1);
}
sim = new_y86sim(MEM_SIZE);
if (load_binfile(sim->m, binfile) < 0) {
err_print("Failed to load binary file '%s'", argv[1]);
free_y86sim(sim);
exit(1);
}
fclose(binfile);
/* save initial register and memory stat */
saver = dup_reg(sim->r);
savem = dup_mem(sim->m);
/* execute binary code step-by-step */
for (step = 0; step < max_steps && e == STAT_AOK; step++)
e = nexti(sim);
/* print final stat of y86sim */
printf("Stopped in %d steps at PC = 0x%x. Status '%s', CC %s\n",
step, sim->pc, stat_name(e), cc_name(sim->cc));
printf("Changes to registers:\n");
diff_reg(saver, sim->r, stdout);
printf("\nChanges to memory:\n");
diff_mem(savem, sim->m, stdout);
free_y86sim(sim);
free_reg(saver);
free_mem(savem);
return 0;
}
总的来说就是根据给定的机器码来改变reg和mem中的状态。
Y86汇编器：
#ifndef _Y86_ASM_
#define _Y86_ASM_
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#define MAX_INSLEN 512
typedef unsigned char byte_t;
typedef int word_t;
typedef enum { FALSE, TRUE } bool_t;
/* Y86 Register (REG_NONE is a special one to indicate no register) */
typedef enum { REG_ERR=-1, REG_EAX, REG_ECX, REG_EDX, REG_EBX,
REG_ESP, REG_EBP, REG_ESI, REG_EDI, REG_CNT, REG_NONE=0xF } regid_t;
typedef struct reg {
char *name;
regid_t id;
} reg_t;
#define SIZEOF_REG 4
/* Y86 Instruction */
typedef enum { I_HALT, I_NOP, I_RRMOVL, I_IRMOVL, I_RMMOVL, I_MRMOVL,
I_ALU, I_JMP, I_CALL, I_RET, I_PUSHL, I_POPL, I_DIRECTIVE } itype_t;
/* Function code (default) */
typedef enum { F_NONE } func_t;
/* ALU code */
typedef enum { A_ADD, A_SUB, A_AND, A_XOR, A_NONE } alu_t;
/* Condition code */
typedef enum { C_YES, C_LE, C_L, C_E, C_NE, C_GE, C_G } cond_t;
/* Directive code */
typedef enum { D_DATA, D_POS, D_ALIGN } dtv_t;
/* Pack itype and func/alu/cond/dtv into single byte */
#define HPACK(hi,lo) ((((hi)&0xF)<<4)|((lo)&0xF))
#define HIGH(pack) ((pack)>>4&0xF)
#define LOW(pack) ((pack)&0xF)
/* Table used to encode information about instructions */
typedef struct instr {
char *name;
int len;
byte_t code; /* code for instruction+op */
int bytes; /* the size of instr */
} instr_t;
/* Token types: comment, instruction, error */
typedef enum{ TYPE_COMM, TYPE_INS, TYPE_ERR } type_t;
typedef struct bin {
int addr;
byte_t codes[6];
int bytes;
} bin_t;
typedef struct line {
type_t type; /* TYPE_COMM: no y86bin, TYPE_INS: both y86bin and y86asm */
bin_t y86bin;
char *y86asm;
struct line *next;
} line_t;
/* label defined in y86 assembly code, e.g. Loop */
typedef struct symbol {
char *name;
int addr;
struct symbol *next;
} symbol_t;
/* binary code need to be relocated */
typedef struct reloc {
bin_t *y86bin;
char *name;
struct reloc *next;
int entry;
} reloc_t;
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "y86asm.h"
//#define DEBUG_CODE
line_t *y86bin_listhead = NULL; /* the head of y86 binary code line list*/
line_t *y86bin_listtail = NULL; /* the tail of y86 binary code line list*/
int y86asm_lineno = 0; /* the current line number of y86 assemble code */
#define err_print(_s, _a ...) do { \
if (y86asm_lineno < 0) \
fprintf(stderr, "[--]: "_s"\n", ## _a); \
else \
fprintf(stderr, "[L%d]: "_s"\n", y86asm_lineno, ## _a); \
} while (0);
int vmaddr = 0; /* vm addr */
/* register table */
reg_t reg_table[REG_CNT] = {
{"%eax", REG_EAX},
{"%ecx", REG_ECX},
{"%edx", REG_EDX},
{"%ebx", REG_EBX},
{"%esp", REG_ESP},
{"%ebp", REG_EBP},
{"%esi", REG_ESI},
{"%edi", REG_EDI},
};
regid_t find_register(char *name)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < REG_CNT; i++)
if (!strncmp(name, reg_table[i].name, 4))
return reg_table[i].id;
return REG_ERR;
}
/* instruction set */
instr_t instr_set[] = {
{"nop", 3, HPACK(I_NOP, F_NONE), 1 },
{"halt", 4, HPACK(I_HALT, F_NONE), 1 },
{"rrmovl", 6,HPACK(I_RRMOVL, F_NONE), 2 },
{"cmovle", 6,HPACK(I_RRMOVL, C_LE), 2 },
{"cmovl", 5, HPACK(I_RRMOVL, C_L), 2 },
{"cmove", 5, HPACK(I_RRMOVL, C_E), 2 },
{"cmovne", 6,HPACK(I_RRMOVL, C_NE), 2 },
{"cmovge", 6,HPACK(I_RRMOVL, C_GE), 2 },
{"cmovg", 5, HPACK(I_RRMOVL, C_G), 2 },
{"irmovl", 6,HPACK(I_IRMOVL, F_NONE), 6 },
{"rmmovl", 6,HPACK(I_RMMOVL, F_NONE), 6 },
{"mrmovl", 6,HPACK(I_MRMOVL, F_NONE), 6 },
{"addl", 4, HPACK(I_ALU, A_ADD), 2 },
{"subl", 4, HPACK(I_ALU, A_SUB), 2 },
{"andl", 4, HPACK(I_ALU, A_AND), 2 },
{"xorl", 4, HPACK(I_ALU, A_XOR), 2 },
{"jmp", 3, HPACK(I_JMP, C_YES), 5 },
{"jle", 3, HPACK(I_JMP, C_LE), 5 },
{"jl", 2, HPACK(I_JMP, C_L), 5 },
{"je", 2, HPACK(I_JMP, C_E), 5 },
{"jne", 3, HPACK(I_JMP, C_NE), 5 },
{"jge", 3, HPACK(I_JMP, C_GE), 5 },
{"jg", 2, HPACK(I_JMP, C_G), 5 },
{"call", 4, HPACK(I_CALL, F_NONE), 5 },
{"ret", 3, HPACK(I_RET, F_NONE), 1 },
{"pushl", 5, HPACK(I_PUSHL, F_NONE), 2 },
{"popl", 4, HPACK(I_POPL, F_NONE), 2 },
{".byte", 5, HPACK(I_DIRECTIVE, D_DATA), 1 },
{".word", 5, HPACK(I_DIRECTIVE, D_DATA), 2 },
{".long", 5, HPACK(I_DIRECTIVE, D_DATA), 4 },
{".pos", 4, HPACK(I_DIRECTIVE, D_POS), 0 },
{".align", 6,HPACK(I_DIRECTIVE, D_ALIGN), 0 },
{NULL, 1, 0 , 0 } //end
};
instr_t *find_instr(char *name)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; instr_set[i].name; i++)
if (strncmp(instr_set[i].name, name, instr_set[i].len) == 0)
return &instr_set[i];
return NULL;
}
/* symbol table (don't forget to init and finit it) */
symbol_t *symtab = NULL;
/*
* find_symbol: scan table to find the symbol
* args
* name: the name of symbol
*
* return
* symbol_t: the 'name' symbol
* NULL: not exist
*/
symbol_t *find_symbol(char *name)
{
symbol_t *p = symtab->next;
while(p != NULL) {
if(strcmp(name,p->name)==0)
return p;
p = p->next;
}
return NULL;
}
/*
* add_symbol: add a new symbol to the symbol table
* args
* name: the name of symbol
*
* return
* 0: success
* -1: error, the symbol has exist
*/
int add_symbol(char *name)
{
/* check duplicate */
if(find_symbol(name))
return -1;
/* create new symbol_t (don't forget to free it)*/
/* add the new symbol_t to symbol table */
symbol_t *p = (symbol_t*)malloc(sizeof(symbol_t));
p->name = (char*)malloc((strlen(name)+1)*sizeof(char));
strcpy(p->name,name);
p->addr = vmaddr;
p->next = symtab->next;
symtab->next = p;
return 0;
}
/* relocation table (don't forget to init and finit it) */
reloc_t *reltab = NULL;
/*
* add_reloc: add a new relocation to the relocation table
* args
* name: the name of symbol
*
* return
* 0: success
* -1: error, the symbol has exist
*/
void add_reloc(char *name, bin_t *bin,int entry)
{
/* create new reloc_t (don't forget to free it)*/
reloc_t *p = (reloc_t*)malloc(sizeof(reloc_t));
p->name = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * (strlen(name)+1));
strcpy(p->name,name);
p->y86bin = bin;
p->entry = entry;
/* add the new reloc_t to relocation table */
p->next = reltab->next;
reltab->next=p;
}
/* macro for parsing y86 assembly code */
#define CHECK_PARSE_ERR(_r,_s) do {if(_r == PARSE_ERR){line->type=TYPE_ERR;err_print(_s);goto out;}} while(0);
#define IS_DIGIT(s) ((*(s)>='0' && *(s)<='9') || *(s)=='-' || *(s)=='+')
#define IS_LETTER(s) ((*(s)>='a' && *(s)<='z') || (*(s)>='A' && *(s)<='Z'))
#define IS_COMMENT(s) (*(s)=='#')
#define IS_REG(s) (*(s)=='%')
#define IS_IMM(s) (*(s)=='$')
#define IS_BLANK(s) (*(s)==' ' || *(s)=='\t')
#define IS_END(s) (*(s)=='\0')
#define SKIP_BLANK(s) do { \
while(!IS_END(s) && IS_BLANK(s)) \
(s)++; \
} while(0);
/* return value from different parse_xxx function */
typedef enum { PARSE_ERR=-1, PARSE_REG, PARSE_DIGIT, PARSE_SYMBOL,
PARSE_MEM, PARSE_DELIM, PARSE_INSTR, PARSE_LABEL} parse_t;
/*
* parse_instr: parse an expected data token (e.g., 'rrmovl')
* args
* ptr: point to the start of string
* inst: point to the inst_t within instr_set
*
* return
* PARSE_INSTR: success, move 'ptr' to the first char after token,
* and store the pointer of the instruction to 'inst'
* PARSE_ERR: error, the value of 'ptr' and 'inst' are undefined
*/
parse_t parse_instr(char **ptr, instr_t **inst)
{
char *cur = *ptr;
instr_t *tmp;
/* skip the blank */
SKIP_BLANK(cur);
if (IS_END(cur))
return PARSE_ERR;
/* find_instr and check end */
tmp = find_instr(cur);
if (tmp == NULL)
return PARSE_ERR;
cur += tmp->len;
if (!IS_END(cur) && !IS_BLANK(cur))
return PARSE_ERR;
/* set 'ptr' and 'inst' */
*inst = tmp;
*ptr = cur;
return PARSE_INSTR;
}
/*
* parse_delim: parse an expected delimiter token (e.g., ',')
* args
* ptr: point to the start of string
*
* return
* PARSE_DELIM: success, move 'ptr' to the first char after token
* PARSE_ERR: error, the value of 'ptr' and 'delim' are undefined
*/
parse_t parse_delim(char **ptr, char delim)
{
/* skip the blank and check */
SKIP_BLANK(*ptr);
if(**ptr==delim) {
/* set 'ptr' */
(*ptr)++;
return PARSE_DELIM;
}
return PARSE_ERR;
}
/*
* parse_reg: parse an expected register token (e.g., '%eax')
* args
* ptr: point to the start of string
* regid: point to the regid of register
*
* return
* PARSE_REG: success, move 'ptr' to the first char after token,
* and store the regid to 'regid'
* PARSE_ERR: error, the value of 'ptr' and 'regid' are undefined
*/
parse_t parse_reg(char **ptr, regid_t *regid)
{
/* skip the blank and check */
SKIP_BLANK(*ptr);
if(!IS_REG(*ptr))
return PARSE_ERR;
/* find register */
/* set 'ptr' and 'regid' */
if((*regid = find_register(*ptr))!=REG_ERR) {
*ptr += 4;
return PARSE_REG;
}
return PARSE_ERR;
}
/*
* parse_symbol: parse an expected symbol token (e.g., 'Main')
* args
* ptr: point to the start of string
* name: point to the name of symbol (should be allocated in this function)
*
* return
* PARSE_SYMBOL: success, move 'ptr' to the first char after token,
* and allocate and store name to 'name'
* PARSE_ERR: error, the value of 'ptr' and 'name' are undefined
*/
parse_t parse_symbol(char **ptr, char **name)
{
/* skip the blank and check */
SKIP_BLANK(*ptr);
char* beg = *ptr;
while(IS_LETTER(*ptr) || (**ptr <= '9' && **ptr >= '0'))
++(*ptr);
if(*ptr == beg)
return PARSE_ERR;
size_t len = *ptr-beg;
/* allocate name and copy to it */
*name = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*(len+2));
strncpy(*name,beg,len);
(*name)[len] = '\0';
/* set 'ptr' and 'name' */
return PARSE_SYMBOL;
}
/*
* parse_digit: parse an expected digit token (e.g., '0x100')
* args
* ptr: point to the start of string
* value: point to the value of digit
*
* return
* PARSE_DIGIT: success, move 'ptr' to the first char after token
* and store the value of digit to 'value'
* PARSE_ERR: error, the value of 'ptr' and 'value' are undefined
*/
parse_t parse_digit(char **ptr, long *value)
{
/* skip the blank and check */
/* calculate the digit, (NOTE: see strtoll()) */
char* end_check;
*value = strtoll(*ptr,&end_check,0);
if(end_check == *ptr)
return PARSE_ERR;
*ptr = end_check;
/* set 'ptr' and 'value' */
return PARSE_DIGIT;
}
/*
* parse_imm: parse an expected immediate token (e.g., '$0x100' or 'STACK')
* args
* ptr: point to the start of string
* name: point to the name of symbol (should be allocated in this function)
* value: point to the value of digit
*
* return
* PARSE_DIGIT: success, the immediate token is a digit,
* move 'ptr' to the first char after token,
* and store the value of digit to 'value'
* PARSE_SYMBOL: success, the immediate token is a symbol,
* move 'ptr' to the first char after token,
* and allocate and store name to 'name'
* PARSE_ERR: error, the value of 'ptr', 'name' and 'value' are undefined
*/
parse_t parse_imm(char **ptr, char **name, long *value)
{
/* skip the blank and check */
SKIP_BLANK(*ptr);
/* if IS_IMM, then parse the digit */
if(IS_IMM(*ptr)) {
++(*ptr); /* jump over $ */
if(parse_digit(ptr,value) == PARSE_ERR)
return PARSE_ERR;
return PARSE_DIGIT;
}
/* if IS_LETTER, then parse the symbol */
if(IS_LETTER(*ptr)) {
if(parse_symbol(ptr,name) == PARSE_ERR)
return PARSE_ERR;
return PARSE_SYMBOL;
}
/* set 'ptr' and 'name' or 'value' */
return PARSE_ERR;
}
/*
* parse_mem: parse an expected memory token (e.g., '8(%ebp)')
* args
* ptr: point to the start of string
* value: point to the value of digit
* regid: point to the regid of register
*
* return
* PARSE_MEM: success, move 'ptr' to the first char after token,
* and store the value of digit to 'value',
* and store the regid to 'regid'
* PARSE_ERR: error, the value of 'ptr', 'value' and 'regid' are undefined
*/
parse_t parse_mem(char **ptr, long *value, regid_t *regid)
{
/* skip the blank and check */
SKIP_BLANK(*ptr);
parse_digit(ptr,value);
if(parse_delim(ptr,'(') == PARSE_ERR)
return PARSE_ERR;
if(parse_reg(ptr,regid) == PARSE_ERR)
return PARSE_ERR;
if(parse_delim(ptr,')') == PARSE_ERR)
return PARSE_ERR;
/* calculate the digit and register, (ex: (%ebp) or 8(%ebp)) */
/* set 'ptr', 'value' and 'regid' */
return PARSE_MEM;
}
/*
* parse_data: parse an expected data token (e.g., '0x100' or 'array')
* args
* ptr: point to the start of string
* name: point to the name of symbol (should be allocated in this function)
* value: point to the value of digit
*
* return
* PARSE_DIGIT: success, data token is a digit,
* and move 'ptr' to the first char after token,
* and store the value of digit to 'value'
* PARSE_SYMBOL: success, data token is a symbol,
* and move 'ptr' to the first char after token,
* and allocate and store name to 'name'
* PARSE_ERR: error, the value of 'ptr', 'name' and 'value' are undefined
*/
parse_t parse_data(char **ptr, char **name, long *value)
{
/* skip the blank and check */
/* if IS_DIGIT, then parse the digit */
/* if IS_LETTER, then parse the symbol */
/* set 'ptr', 'name' and 'value' */
return PARSE_ERR;
}
/*
* parse_label: parse an expected label token (e.g., 'Loop:')
* args
* ptr: point to the start of string
* name: point to the name of symbol (should be allocated in this function)
*
* return
* PARSE_LABEL: success, move 'ptr' to the first char after token
* and allocate and store name to 'name'
* PARSE_ERR: error, the value of 'ptr' is undefined
*/
parse_t parse_label(char **ptr, char **name)
{
/* skip the blank and check */
char *loc,*check;
SKIP_BLANK(*ptr);
if((loc = strchr(*ptr,':')) != NULL) {
check = strchr(*ptr,'#');
if(check < loc && check!=NULL)
return PARSE_ERR;
/* allocate name and copy to it */
size_t len = loc-*ptr;
*name = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * (len+1));
/* set 'ptr' and 'name' */
strncpy(*name,*ptr,len);
*ptr = loc+1;
(*name)[len] = '\0';
return PARSE_LABEL;
}
return PARSE_ERR;
}
/*
* parse_line: parse a line of y86 code (e.g., 'Loop: mrmovl (%ecx), %esi')
* (you could combine above parse_xxx functions to do it)
* args
* line: point to a line_t data with a line of y86 assembly code
*
* return
* PARSE_XXX: success, fill line_t with assembled y86 code
* PARSE_ERR: error, try to print err information (e.g., instr type and line number)
*/
type_t parse_line(line_t *line)
{
bin_t *y86bin;
char * y86asm; /* a copy of line->y86asm */
char *label = NULL;
instr_t *inst = NULL;
char *cur;
int ret;
y86bin = &line->y86bin;
y86asm = (char *)
malloc(sizeof(char) * (strlen(line->y86asm) + 1));
strcpy(y86asm, line->y86asm);
cur = y86asm;
/* when finish parse an instruction or label, we still need to continue check
* e.g.,
* Loop: mrmovl (%ebp), %ecx
* call SUM #invoke SUM function */
cont:
/* skip blank and check IS_END */
SKIP_BLANK(cur);
if (IS_END(cur))
goto out; /* done */
/* is a comment ? */
if (IS_COMMENT(cur)) {
goto out; /* skip rest */
}
/* is a label ? */
ret = parse_label(&cur, &label);
if (ret == PARSE_LABEL) {
/* add new symbol */
if (add_symbol(label) < 0) {
line->type = TYPE_ERR;
err_print("Dup symbol:%s", label);
goto out;
}
/* set type and y86bin */
line->type = TYPE_INS;
line->y86bin.addr = vmaddr;
/* continue */
goto cont;
}
/* is an instruction ? */
ret = parse_instr(&cur, &inst);
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid instr");
/* set type and y86bin */
line->type = TYPE_INS;
y86bin->addr = vmaddr;
y86bin->codes[0] = inst->code;
y86bin->bytes = inst->bytes;
/* update vmaddr */
vmaddr += inst->bytes;
/* parse the rest of instruction according to the itype */
switch (HIGH(inst->code)) {
/* further partition the y86 instructions according to the format */
case I_HALT: /* 0:0 - e.g., halt */
case I_NOP: /* 1:0 - e.g., nop */
case I_RET: { /* 9:0 - e.g., ret" */
goto cont;
}
case I_PUSHL: /* A:0 regA:F - e.g., pushl %esp */
case I_POPL: {/* B:0 regA:F - e.g., popl %ebp */
/* parse register */
regid_t regid;
ret = parse_reg(&cur,®id);
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid REG");
/* set y86bin codes */
y86bin->codes[1] = HPACK(regid,0xF);
goto cont;
}
case I_RRMOVL:/* 2:x regA,regB - e.g., rrmovl %esp, %ebp */
case I_ALU: { /* 6:x regA,regB - e.g., xorl %eax, %eax */
regid_t regidA,regidB;
ret = parse_reg(&cur,®idA);
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid REG");
ret = parse_delim(&cur,',');
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid ','");
ret = parse_reg(&cur,®idB);
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid REG");
y86bin->codes[1] = HPACK(regidA,regidB);
goto cont;
}
case I_IRMOVL: { /* 3:0 Imm, regB - e.g., irmovl $-1, %ebx */
long lval;
char* symbol;
regid_t regid;
ret = parse_imm(&cur,&symbol,&lval);
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid Immediate");
int ret1 = parse_delim(&cur,',');
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret1,"Invalid ','");
ret1 = parse_reg(&cur,®id);
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret1,"Invalid REG");
y86bin->codes[1] = HPACK(0xF,regid);
if (ret == PARSE_DIGIT) {
y86bin->codes[2] = lval & 0xFF;
y86bin->codes[3] = (lval>>8) & 0xFF;
y86bin->codes[4] = (lval>>16) & 0xFF;
y86bin->codes[5] = (lval>>24) & 0xFF;
}
else if (ret == PARSE_SYMBOL)
add_reloc(symbol,y86bin,2);
goto cont;
}
case I_RMMOVL: { /* 4:0 regA, D(regB) - e.g., rmmovl %eax, 8(%esp) */
regid_t regidA,regidB;
long lval;
ret = parse_reg(&cur,®idA);
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid REG");
ret = parse_delim(&cur,',');
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid ','");
ret = parse_mem(&cur,&lval,®idB);
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid MEM");
y86bin->codes[1] = HPACK(regidA,regidB);
y86bin->codes[2] = lval & 0xFF;
y86bin->codes[3] = (lval>>8) & 0xFF;
y86bin->codes[4] = (lval>>16) & 0xFF;
y86bin->codes[5] = (lval>>24) & 0xFF;
goto cont;
}
case I_MRMOVL: { /* 5:0 D(regB), regA - e.g., mrmovl 8(%ebp), %ecx */
regid_t regidA,regidB;
long lval;
ret = parse_mem(&cur,&lval,®idB);
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid MEM");
ret = parse_delim(&cur,',');
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid ','");
ret = parse_reg(&cur,®idA);
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid REG");
y86bin->codes[1] = HPACK(regidA,regidB);
y86bin->codes[2] = lval & 0xFF;
y86bin->codes[3] = (lval>>8) & 0xFF;
y86bin->codes[4] = (lval>>16) & 0xFF;
y86bin->codes[5] = (lval>>24) & 0xFF;
goto cont;
}
case I_JMP: /* 7:x dest - e.g., je End */
case I_CALL: {/* 8:x dest - e.g., call Main */
long lval;
char* symbol;
ret = parse_imm(&cur,&symbol,&lval);
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid DEST");
if(ret == PARSE_SYMBOL)
add_reloc(symbol,y86bin,1);
if(ret == PARSE_DIGIT) {
y86bin->codes[1] = lval & 0xFF;
y86bin->codes[2] = (lval>>8) & 0xFF;
y86bin->codes[3] = (lval>>16) & 0xFF;
y86bin->codes[4] = (lval>>24) & 0xFF;
}
goto cont;
}
case I_DIRECTIVE: {
/* further partition directive according to dtv_t */
switch (LOW(inst->code)) {
case D_DATA: { /* .long data - e.g., .long 0xC0 */
long lval;
char* symbol;
ret = parse_digit(&cur,&lval);
/*CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid digit");*/
if(ret == PARSE_ERR)
{
ret = parse_symbol(&cur,&symbol);
add_reloc(symbol,y86bin,0);
}
y86bin->codes[0] = lval & 0xFF;
if(inst->bytes>=2)
y86bin->codes[1] = (lval>>8) & 0xFF;
if(inst->bytes==4) {
y86bin->codes[2] = (lval>>16) & 0xFF;
y86bin->codes[3] = (lval>>24) & 0xFF;
}
goto cont;
}
case D_POS: { /* .pos D - e.g., .pos 0x100 */
long pos;
ret = parse_digit(&cur,&pos);
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid digit");
vmaddr = pos;
y86bin->addr = pos;
goto cont;
}
case D_ALIGN: { /* .align D - e.g., .align 4 */
long align;
ret = parse_digit(&cur,&align);
CHECK_PARSE_ERR(ret,"Invalid digit");
if(vmaddr % align != 0) {
vmaddr += align - vmaddr % align;
y86bin->addr = vmaddr;
}
goto cont;
}
default:
line->type = TYPE_ERR;
err_print("Unknown directive");
goto out;
}
break;
}
default:
line->type = TYPE_ERR;
err_print("Unknown instr");
goto out;
}
out:
free(y86asm);
return line->type;
}
/*
* assemble: assemble an y86 file (e.g., 'asum.ys')
* args
* in: point to input file (an y86 assembly file)
*
* return
* 0: success, assmble the y86 file to a list of line_t
* -1: error, try to print err information (e.g., instr type and line number)
*/
int assemble(FILE *in)
{
static char asm_buf[MAX_INSLEN]; /* the current line of asm code */
line_t *line;
int slen;
char *y86asm;
/* read y86 code line-by-line, and parse them to generate raw y86 binary code list */
while (fgets(asm_buf, MAX_INSLEN, in) != NULL) {
slen = strlen(asm_buf);
if ((asm_buf[slen-1] == '\n') || (asm_buf[slen-1] == '\r')) {
asm_buf[--slen] = '\0'; /* replace terminator */
}
/* store y86 assembly code */
y86asm = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * (slen + 1)); // free in finit
strcpy(y86asm, asm_buf);
line = (line_t *)malloc(sizeof(line_t)); // free in finit
memset(line, '\0', sizeof(line_t));
/* set defualt */
line->type = TYPE_COMM;
line->y86asm = y86asm;
line->next = NULL;
/* add to y86 binary code list */
y86bin_listtail->next = line;
y86bin_listtail = line;
y86asm_lineno ++;
/* parse */
if (parse_line(line) == TYPE_ERR)
return -1;
}
/* skip line number information in err_print() */
y86asm_lineno = -1;
return 0;
}
/*
* relocate: relocate the raw y86 binary code with symbol address
*
* return
* 0: success
* -1: error, try to print err information (e.g., addr and symbol)
*/
int relocate(void)
{
reloc_t *rtmp = NULL;
rtmp = reltab->next;
while (rtmp) {
/* find symbol */
symbol_t *symbol = find_symbol(rtmp->name);
if(symbol == NULL) {
err_print("Unknown symbol:'%s'",rtmp->name);
return -1;
}
/* relocate y86bin according itype */
int entry = rtmp->entry;
rtmp->y86bin->codes[entry] = symbol->addr & 0xFF;
rtmp->y86bin->codes[entry+1] = (symbol->addr >> 8) & 0xFF;
rtmp->y86bin->codes[entry+2] = (symbol->addr >> 16) & 0xFF;
rtmp->y86bin->codes[entry+3] = (symbol->addr >> 24) & 0xFF;
/* next */
rtmp = rtmp->next;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* binfile: generate the y86 binary file
* args
* out: point to output file (an y86 binary file)
*
* return
* 0: success
* -1: error
*/
int binfile(FILE *out)
{
/* prepare image with y86 binary code */
line_t *tmp = y86bin_listhead->next;
char *buf = (char*)calloc(1,MAX_INSLEN * 6);
char *buf_beg = buf;
long pos;
while(tmp != NULL) {
buf = buf_beg + tmp->y86bin.addr;
memcpy(buf,tmp->y86bin.codes,tmp->y86bin.bytes);
if(tmp->y86bin.bytes!=0)
pos = tmp->y86bin.addr+tmp->y86bin.bytes;
tmp = tmp->next;
}
/* binary write y86 code to output file (NOTE: see fwrite()) */
fwrite(buf_beg,1,pos,out);
return 0;
}
/* whether print the readable output to screen or not ? */
bool_t screen = FALSE;
static void hexstuff(char *dest, int value, int len)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
char c;
int h = (value >> 4*i) & 0xF;
c = h < 10 ? h + '0' : h - 10 + 'a';
dest[len-i-1] = c;
}
}
void print_line(line_t *line)
{
char buf[26];
/* line format: 0xHHH: cccccccccccc | <line> */
if (line->type == TYPE_INS) {
bin_t *y86bin = &line->y86bin;
int i;
strcpy(buf, " 0x000: | ");
hexstuff(buf+4, y86bin->addr, 3);
if (y86bin->bytes > 0)
for (i = 0; i < y86bin->bytes; i++)
hexstuff(buf+9+2*i, y86bin->codes[i]&0xFF, 2);
} else {
strcpy(buf, " | ");
}
printf("%s%s\n", buf, line->y86asm);
}
/*
* print_screen: dump readable binary and assembly code to screen
* (e.g., Figure 4.8 in ICS book)
*/
void print_screen(void)
{
line_t *tmp = y86bin_listhead->next;
/* line by line */
while (tmp != NULL) {
print_line(tmp);
tmp = tmp->next;
}
}
/* init and finit */
void init(void)
{
reltab = (reloc_t *)malloc(sizeof(reloc_t)); // free in finit
memset(reltab, 0, sizeof(reloc_t));
symtab = (symbol_t *)malloc(sizeof(symbol_t)); // free in finit
memset(symtab, 0, sizeof(symbol_t));
y86bin_listhead = (line_t *)malloc(sizeof(line_t)); // free in finit
memset(y86bin_listhead, 0, sizeof(line_t));
y86bin_listtail = y86bin_listhead;
y86asm_lineno = 0;
}
void finit(void)
{
reloc_t *rtmp = NULL;
do {
rtmp = reltab->next;
if (reltab->name)
free(reltab->name);
free(reltab);
reltab = rtmp;
} while (reltab);
symbol_t *stmp = NULL;
do {
stmp = symtab->next;
if (symtab->name)
free(symtab->name);
free(symtab);
symtab = stmp;
} while (symtab);
line_t *ltmp = NULL;
do {
ltmp = y86bin_listhead->next;
if (y86bin_listhead->y86asm)
free(y86bin_listhead->y86asm);
free(y86bin_listhead);
y86bin_listhead = ltmp;
} while (y86bin_listhead);
}
static void usage(char *pname)
{
printf("Usage: %s [-v] file.ys\n", pname);
printf(" -v print the readable output to screen\n");
exit(0);
}
void debug_func()
{
/* test parse_label*/
char *ptr = " test:1234",*name = NULL;
if(parse_label(&ptr,&name) == PARSE_ERR)
printf("fail\n");
else
printf("success\nlabelname:%s\nptr points to %c\n",name,*ptr);
/* test parse_instr */
char *ptr2 = " ixmovl 1234";
instr_t *ins;
if(parse_instr(&ptr2,&ins) == PARSE_ERR)
printf("fail\n");
else
printf("success\n");
/* test parse_symbol */
char *ptr3 = " symbol,f5";
free(name);
parse_symbol(&ptr3,&name);
printf("OK symbol:%s\n",name);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
#ifdef DEBUG_CODE
debug_func();
#endif
int rootlen;
char infname[512];
char outfname[512];
int nextarg = 1;
FILE *in = NULL, *out = NULL;
if (argc < 2)
usage(argv[0]);
if (argv[nextarg][0] == '-') {
char flag = argv[nextarg][1];
switch (flag) {
case 'v':
screen = TRUE;
nextarg++;
break;
default:
usage(argv[0]);
}
}
/* parse input file name */
rootlen = strlen(argv[nextarg])-3;
/* only support the .ys file */
if (strcmp(argv[nextarg]+rootlen, ".ys"))
usage(argv[0]);
if (rootlen > 500) {
err_print("File name too long");
exit(1);
}
/* init */
init();
/* assemble .ys file */
strncpy(infname, argv[nextarg], rootlen);
strcpy(infname+rootlen, ".ys");
in = fopen(infname, "r");
if (!in) {
err_print("Can't open input file '%s'", infname);
exit(1);
}
if (assemble(in) < 0) {
err_print("Assemble y86 code error");
fclose(in);
exit(1);
}
fclose(in);
/* relocate binary code */
if (relocate() < 0) {
err_print("Relocate binary code error");
exit(1);
}
/* generate .bin file */
strncpy(outfname, argv[nextarg], rootlen);
strcpy(outfname+rootlen, ".bin");
out = fopen(outfname, "wb");
if (!out) {
err_print("Can't open output file '%s'", outfname);
exit(1);
}
if (binfile(out) < 0) {
err_print("Generate binary file error");
fclose(out);
exit(1);
}
fclose(out);
/* print to screen (.yo file) */
if (screen)
print_screen();
/* finit */
finit();
return 0;
}比较让我没想到的地方是关于label和relocate的实现和操作，一直以为只有链接的时候需要重定位，没想到单独汇编单个文件的时候可能因为label出现的次序不同也需要重定位。自己实现那几个函数的话估计真的得花比malloc更加多的时间。
2025
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