Java:多态 之 向上转型

知识总结：

父类：

Animal.java:

package com.imooc.animal;

public class Animal {
     private String name;
     private int month;
     
     
     public Animal(){
    	 
     }
     
     public Animal(String name,int month){
    	 this.setName(name);
         this.setMonth(month);
     }

     //eat()
     public void eat(){
    	 System.out.println("动物都又吃东西的能力！");
     }
     
    //getter/setter
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getMonth() {
		return month;
	}

	public void setMonth(int month) {
		this.month = month;
	}
     
     
     
     
}

Cat.java:

package com.imooc.animal;

public class Cat extends Animal {
      
	private String name;
	private int month;
	private double weight;
	
	public Cat(){
		
	}
	
	public Cat(String name,int month,double weight){
		super(name,month);//super父类属性构造方法赋值
		setWeight(weight);
	}
	
	//run
	public void run(){
		System.out.println("猫会跑");
	}
	
	//方法重写
	@Override
	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("猫吃鱼！");
	}
	
	
	//getter/setter
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getMonth() {
		return month;
	}

	public void setMonth(int month) {
		this.month = month;
	}

	public double getWeight() {
		return weight;
	}

	public void setWeight(double weight) {
		this.weight = weight;
	}
	
	
}

Dog.java:

package com.imooc.animal;

public class Dog extends Animal {
      private String name;
      private int month;
      private String sex;
      
      
      public Dog(){
    	  
      }
      
      public Dog(String name,int month,String sex){
    	  super(name,month);
    	  this.setSex(sex);
      }

    //sleep
  	public void sleep(){
  		System.out.println("小狗会午睡");
  	}
  	
  	//方法重写
  	@Override
  	public void eat() {
  		System.out.println("狗吃肉！");
  	}
    
  	
  	//getter/setter
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getMonth() {
		return month;
	}

	public void setMonth(int month) {
		this.month = month;
	}

	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}

	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
      
     
      
}

test.java:

package com.imooc.test;

import com.imooc.animal.Animal;
import com.imooc.animal.Cat;
import com.imooc.animal.Dog;

public class test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Animal one=new Animal();//1
		
                 /*
		 * 向上转型（隐式转型），自动转型
		 * 父类引用指向子类的实例，可以调用子类重写父类的方法以及父类的派生方法，但是该对象无法调用子类独有的方法
		 * 注意：父类中的静态方法无法被子类重写，所以向上转型之后，只能调用父类原油的的静态方法
		 * 小类转大类
		 */
		
		
		Animal two=new Cat();//2
		Animal three=new Dog();//3
		
		one.eat();
		two.eat();
		three.eat();
		
		two.setMonth(3);
		two.getMonth();
		three.setName("花花");
		three.getName();
		
		//two.run();编译错误
		//three.sleep();编译报错
		
	}

}

向上转型也可以写成：

执行情况：