以下文章来源于砌块化学 ,作者砌小智 工号006
前言
近年来,绿色化学成为研究热点。绿色合成追求环保高效,其中,一类“双环”化合物引起广泛关注——螺噻唑烷,其作为具有全方位药物活性的特殊类杂环结构,在人工合成领域可谓应用广泛。本文将介绍螺-噻唑烷的绿色合成方法,涵盖了多组分反应、环境友好型等绿色合成方法。
我们前期公众号文章《上市药物分子螺环支架合成思路总结:螺旋环支架(二)》,介绍了相关螺旋化合物的合成路线。
生物活性
螺噻唑烷类化合物在药物化学中具有重要的地位,在过去八年中显示出的抗菌、抗癌、抗糖尿病、抗氧化和抗结核等广泛的药物活性。
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2、5-氟靛红 | 5-Fluoroisatin | 443-69-6 - 乐研试剂
4、苊醌 | Acenaphthylene-1,2-dione | 82-86-0 - 乐研试剂
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7、1,3-茚满二酮 | 1,3-Indanedione | 606-23-5 - 乐研试剂
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9、5-溴-1H-茚-1,3(2H)-二酮 | 5-Bromo-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione | 27611-39-8 - 乐研试剂
10、3-甲基噻唑烷-2,4-二酮 | 3-Methylthiazolidine-2,4-dione | 16312-21-3 - 乐研试剂
11、2-硫代噻唑烷-4-酮 | 2-Thioxothiazolidin-4-one | 141-84-4 - 乐研试剂
合成路线
1. 微波辅助合成
Scheme 1 Synthesis of spiro-arylidene derivatives
Scheme 2 Synthesis of spiro-[indole-thiazolidines]
Scheme 3 Synthesis of diverse spirocyclic thiazolidinediones
2. 离子液体辅助合成
Scheme 4 Synthesis of fluorinated spiro[indole-thiazolidiones]
3. 固体支持的酸催化合成
Scheme 5 The production of new spiro[indoline-3,2′-thiazolidine]-2,4′-diones
Scheme 6 The feasible mechanism for the production of spiro-thiazolidin-4-ones by MCM-SO3H
4. 水相合成
Scheme 7 Production of spiro[acenaphthylene-1,2′[1,3]-thiazolidine]-2,4′(1H)-dione derivatives
Scheme 8 Plausible mechanism for the creation of spiro[acenaphthylene-1,2′[1,3] thiazolidine]-2,4′(1H)-dione derivatives
Scheme 9 Synthesis of 5-chlorospiro[indoline-3,2′-thiazolidine]-2,4′-dione
5.纳米催化剂辅助合成
Scheme 10 Synthesis of spiro-thiazolidinethione from naphthol Mannich bases
Scheme 11 The plausible mechanism for synthesis of spiro-thiazolidinethiones
Scheme 12 Synthesis of spiro[indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-[11,2′]-thiazolidine]-4′-ones
Scheme 13 Proposed mechanism for the formation of thiazolidine-4'ones derivatives
Scheme 14 Green one-pot, three-component asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition catalyzed by the CCMFe2O4@l-proline MNRs catalyst
Scheme 15 Synthesis of spiro-thiazolidinethione from naphthol Mannich bases
6. 不对称合成
Scheme 15 Asymmetric synthesis of highly functionalized spirothiazolidinone tetrahydroquinolines
7. 杂项合成
Scheme 16 Synthesis of sugar-fused spiro-chromanono thiolizidines
Scheme 17 Synthesis of 3′-aminofluorene-9-spiro-5′-imidazolidine-2′,4′-dithione
Scheme 18 Synthesis of [5-oxo-4-(4-substituted aryl hydrazono)-3-trichloro methyl-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester
Scheme 19 Construction of thiazolidine-2,4-dione linked 1,2,3- triazole derivatives
Scheme 20 The plausible mechanism for the regio- and stereo-selective formation of thiazolidine-2,4-dione linked 1,2,3- triazole derivatives
Scheme 21 Synthesis of 2-arylidine-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-ones
Scheme 22 Synthesis of dispiro oxindole–pyrrolizine–thiazolidine-2,4-dione hybrids
结束语
本文旨在展示螺-噻唑烷在绿色合成领域的的重要性,并突出其多样化的合成策略。通过绿色合成的方法,我们可以以更加环保和可持续的方式合成这些化合物,为制药行业提供高效、广谱的药物候选化合物。
参考文献
Surbhi Dhadda , Shaily Sharma , Prakash Jakhar , Himanshu Sharma. Contemporary progress in the green synthesis of spiro-thiazolidines and their medicinal significance: a review. RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 3723–3742.