python基础-5（字典）

技巧

键：'字符串'、整型

值：' '（不管是什么，都要带单引号）

字典中的项不排序：①不可以切片。②只要内容相等，两个字典就相等

方法

从键盘输入字典（in 、not in ）

 my_friends = {}
 ​
 while True:
     print('输入朋友的姓名，什么都不输入则退出')
     name = input()
     if name == '':
         break
     print('输入朋友的生日')
     bth = input()
     if name not in my_friends:
         my_friends[name] = bth
 print(my_friends)
 ​

keys()

 # 返回的是元组
 spam = {'color': 'red', 'age': 42}
 print('输出字典的键')
 print(spam.keys())

values()

 # 返回的是元组
 spam = {'color': 'red', 'age': 42}
 print('输出字典的值')
 print(spam.values())

 ​

items()

 # 返回的是元组
 spam = {'color': 'red', 'age': 42}
 print('输出字典的键和值')
 print(spam.items())
 ​

get()

 spam = {'color': 'red', 'age': 42}
 print('原字典', spam)
 print('已知键，得到对应的值')
 print('第一个参数：键')
 print('第二个参数：键不存在时，默认返回的值')
 print(spam.get('color', 'blue'))
 print(spam.get('number', '0'))
 print('新字典', spam)

setdefault()

 spam = {'color': 'red', 'age': 42}
 print('原字典', spam)
 print('可以确保字典中有一个键存在')
 print('第一个参数：键')
 print('第二个参数：键不存在时，默认设置的值')
 print(spam.setdefault('color', 'blue'))
 print(spam.setdefault('number', '0'))
 print('新字典', spam)
 ​

get()和setdefault()的区别：

setdefault() 除了获取值外，还有添加键值对的功能，而 get() 只是获取值，并且在键不存在时返回默认值。

pprint()、pformat()

 import pprint
 ​
 message = 'It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.'
 count = {}
 for character in message:
     count.setdefault(character, 0)
     count[character] += 1
 print('方式1：不美观的写法')
 print(count)
 print('方式2：打印更美观,而且可以排序。如果字典本身包含嵌套的列表或字典，则更适用')
 pprint.pprint(count)
 print('方式3：pprint.pformat(count)没有输出功能（除此之外等价于方式2），只是转换为字符串')
 pprint.pformat(count)

 ​

井字棋

 #   1、存储棋盘
 theBoard = {'top_L': '', 'top_M': '', 'top_R': '',
             'mid_L': '', 'mid_M': '', 'mid_R': '',
             'low_L': '', 'low_M': '', 'low_R': ''}
 ​
 ​
 #   2、输出棋盘
 def print_board(board):
     print(f"{theBoard['top_L']}  |   {theBoard['top_M']}   |   {theBoard['top_R']}")
     print("--+------+---")
     print(f"{theBoard['mid_L']}  |   {theBoard['mid_M']}   |   {theBoard['mid_R']}")
     print("--+------+---")
     print(f"{theBoard['low_L']}  |   {theBoard['low_M']}   |   {theBoard['low_R']}")
 ​
 ​
 # print_board(theBoard)
 #   3、让玩家输入移动的位置，并且更换玩家
 turn = 'X'
 print_board(theBoard)
 for i in range(9):
     print('现在是玩家', turn)
     print('请输入你要下棋的位置')
     move = input()
     theBoard[move] = turn
     if turn == 'X':
         turn = 'O'
     else:
         turn = 'X'
     print_board(theBoard)

 ​

国际象棋验证器

#   棋盘验证器


"""
版本 1 ：直接使用列表
问题：判断棋子是否重复，遍历时，自己跟自己重复
def is_valid_chess_board(player):
    flag = True
    for k, v in chess.items():
        v_index=chess.index(v)
        for value1 in chess.values():
            if v == 'bqueen' and value1 == 'bking':
                flag = False
                print('黑王白王只能有一个')
            if v == 'wqueen' and value1 == 'wking':
                flag = False
                print('黑王白王只能有一个')
            if v == value1:
                print('棋子重复')
                flag = False
        if k not in place:
            print('棋子位置错误')
            flag = False
        if v not in chess_def:
            print('棋子名称错误')
            flag = False
    return flag
"""

"""
版本2 对棋盘理解错误

def is_valid_chess_board(chess):
    flag = True
    keys_def = []
    values_def = []
    black_king = 0
    white_king = 0
    w_count=0
    b_count=0
    for k, v in chess.items():
        keys_def = keys_def.append(k)
        values_def = values_def.append(v)
    for item in keys_def:
        if item not in place:
            print('棋子位置错误')
            flag = False
    for item in values_def:
        if item == 'bqueen' or item == 'bking':
            black_king += 1
        if item == 'wqueen' or item == 'wking':
            white_king += 1
        if black > 1 or white > 1:
            print('黑王，白王只能有一个')
        if item.startswith('w'):
            w_count+=1

         
    for item1 in values_def:
        index_now1 = values_def.index(item1)
        for item2 in values_def:
            index_now2 = values_def.index(item2)
            if item1==item2 and index_now1 != index_now2:
                print('')

"""

"""
规则
1、只有一个黑王，一个白王
2、每个玩家最多 16 个棋子，最多 8 个兵
3、有效位置：1a-8h  
4、棋子开头w,b代表白和黑。然后是 pawn,knight,bishop,rook,queen,king
"""


def is_valid_chess_board(chess):
    keys_def = []
    values_def = []
    white_chess = []
    black_chess = []
    wpawn_num = 0
    bpawn_num = 0
    flag = True
    # 字典转换为列表
    for k, v in chess.items():
        keys_def.append(k)
        values_def.append(v)
    for item in keys_def:
        if item not in place:
            flag = False
            print('请输入正确的棋子位置')
    #   将棋子分别存储到黑棋列表和白棋列表
    for item in values_def:
        if item.startswith('w'):
            white_chess.append(item)
        if item.startswith('b'):
            black_chess.append(item)
    #   判断棋子数量
    if len(white_chess) > 16 or len(black_chess) > 16:
        print('每位玩家棋子数量不能超过16个')
        flag = False

    #   针对白棋列表：王、兵
    j = 0
    for item1 in white_chess:
        j += 1
        for item2 in white_chess[j + 1:]:
            item2_index = white_chess.index(item2)
            if item1 == item2 == 'wking':
                print('白王只能有一个')
                flag = False
        if item1 == 'wpawn':
            wpawn_num += 1
    if wpawn_num > 8:
        print('兵最多只能有8个')
        flag = False

    i = 0
    for b_item1 in black_chess:
        i += 1
        if b_item1 == 'bking':
            for b_item2 in black_chess[i + 1:]:
                if b_item1 == b_item2:
                    print('黑王只能有一个')
                    flag = False
                    break
        if b_item1 == 'bpawn':
            bpawn_num += 1
    if bpawn_num > 8:
        print('兵最多只能有8个')
        flag = False
    if flag:
        print('棋盘无误')
    else:
        print('棋盘有误')


# chess = {'1h': 'bking', '6c': 'wqueen', '2g': 'bbishop', '5h': 'bqueen', '3e': 'wking','1b':'wpawn'}
chess = {'1h': 'bking', '6c': 'wqueen', '2g': 'bbishop', '5h': 'bqueen', '3e': 'wking', '1b': 'wpawn', '2h': 'bking'}

place = ['1a', '2a', '3a', '4a', '5a', '6a', '7a', '8a',
         '1b', '2b', '3b', '4b', '5b', '6b', '7b', '8b',
         '1c', '2c', '3c', '4c', '5c', '6c', '7c', '8c',
         '1d', '2d', '3d', '4d', '5d', '6d', '7d', '8d',
         '1e', '2e', '3e', '4e', '5e', '6e', '7e', '8e',
         '1f', '2f', '3f', '4f', '5f', '6f', '7f', '8f',
         '1g', '2g', '3g', '4g', '5g', '6g', '7g', '8g',
         '1h', '2h', '3h', '4h', '5h', '6h', '7h', '8h']
chess_def = ['bpawn', 'wpawn', 'bknight', 'wknight', 'bbishop', 'wbishop', 'brook', 'wrook', 'bqueen', 'wqueen',
             'bking', 'wking']

is_valid_chess_board(chess)
"""
测试
1、兵的数量----------------------------------------
chess = {'1h': 'bking', '6c': 'wqueen', '2g': 'bbishop', 
'5h': 'bqueen', '3e': 'wking','1b':'wpawn','1c':'wpawn',
'1d':'wpawn','1e':'wpawn','1a':'wpawn','1f':'wpawn','1g':'wpawn','2h'='wpawn','3h'='wpawn'}
2、王的数量
chess = {'1h': 'bking', '6c': 'wqueen', '2g': 'bbishop', '5h': 'bqueen', '3e': 'wking','1b':'wpawn','2h':'bking'}
3、棋子数量
chess = {'1h': 'bking', '6c': 'wqueen', '2g': 'bbishop', '5h': 'bqueen', '3e': 'wking','1b':'wpawn','1c':'wpawn',
'1d':'wpawn','1e':'wpawn','1a':'wpawn','1f':'wpawn','1g':'wpawn','2h'='wpawn'}
4、棋子位置
chess = {'1h': 'bking', '11c': 'wqueen', '2g': 'bbishop', '5h': 'bqueen', '3e': 'wking','1b':'wpawn'}
"""

好玩游戏的物品清单

#   好玩游戏的物品清单
stuff = {'rope': 1, 'torch': 6, 'gold coin': 42, 'dagger': 1, 'arrow': 12}


def display_inventory(inventory):
    print('Inventory:')
    item_total = 0
    for k, v in inventory.items():
        item_total = item_total + v
        print(str(v) + ' ' + k)
    print('total number of items' + ' ' + str(item_total))


display_inventory(stuff)

列表到字典的函数，针对好玩游戏的物品清单

#   好玩游戏的物品清单

def display_inventory(inventory):
    print('Inventory:')
    item_total = 0
    for k, v in inventory.items():
        item_total = item_total + v
        print(str(v) + ' ' + k)
    print('total number of items' + ' ' + str(item_total))


def add_to_inventory(inventory, added_items):
    for item in added_items:
        if item not in inventory.keys():
            inventory[item] = 1
        else:
            inventory[item] += 1
    return inventory


#     stuff = {'rope': 1, 'torch': 6, 'gold coin': 42, 'dagger': 1, 'arrow': 12}
inv = {'gold coin': 42, 'rope': 1}
dragon_loot = ['gold coin', 'dagger', 'gold coin','gold coin', 'ruby']
inv = add_to_inventory(inv, dragon_loot)
display_inventory(inv)