Java8 stream流 Map和flatMap

flatMap相较于map，可以扁平化的操作各个元素中的子集合
比如类型A中有一个集合属性b，使用map拿到的是b集合的stream，而使用flatMap则可以直接拿到所有b集合中的元素的stream

举例

我们有一个地址类Address，其属性有省份名province和城市集合cityList

class Address{
    private String province;	// 省份名
    
    private List<String> cityList;	// 城市集合

    public Address(String province, List<String> cityList) {
        this.province = province;
        this.cityList = cityList;
    }

    public String getProvince() {
        return province;
    }

    public void setProvince(String province) {
        this.province = province;
    }

    public List<String> getCityList() {
        return cityList;
    }

    public void setCityList(List<String> cityList) {
        this.cityList = cityList;
    }
}

现在思考：如何用stream将若干个Address中的所有city输出

实现

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * MapAndFlatMap class
 *
 * @author 
 * @date 2022/4/18 16:26
 */
public class MapAndFlatMap {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Address> addressList = new ArrayList<>();
        List<String> zhejiangCity = new ArrayList<>();
        zhejiangCity.addAll(Arrays.asList("杭州","宁波"));
        List<String> jiangsuCity = new ArrayList<>();
        jiangsuCity.addAll(Arrays.asList("苏州","南京"));
        List<String> fujianCity = new ArrayList<>();
        fujianCity.addAll(Arrays.asList("福州","厦门"));

        Address zhejiang = new Address("浙江", zhejiangCity);
        Address jiangsu = new Address("江苏", jiangsuCity);
        Address fujian = new Address("福建", fujianCity);
        addressList.add(zhejiang);
        addressList.add(jiangsu);
        addressList.add(fujian);
        // 不使用map、flatMap
        System.out.println("------------不使用map、flatMap------------");
        addressList.stream().forEach(x->x.getCityList().forEach(city-> System.out.print(city)));
        System.out.println();
        // 使用map
        System.out.println("------------使用map------------");
        addressList.stream().map(x->x.getCityList()).forEach(cityList-> System.out.println(cityList));
        addressList.stream().map(x->x.getCityList()).forEach(cityList-> cityList.forEach(city-> System.out.print(city)));
        System.out.println();
        // 使用flatMap
        System.out.println("------------使用flatMap------------");
        addressList.stream().flatMap(x->x.getCityList().stream()).forEach(city-> System.out.print(city));
    }
}

输出结果

可以看到map返回了将cityList作为元素的stream流
而flatMap则是直接返回了将cityList中的city作为元素的stream流

什么是扁平化？

flatMap会将元素的子集合的元素全部拿出来（不管各个元素来自于哪个父亲）做统一处理（本例操作是输出），这就是扁平化