在JDK(Java Development Kit)类库中,开发人员使用了大量设计模式,正因为如此,我们可以在不修改JDK源码的前提下开发出自己的应用软件,本文列出了部分JDK中的模式应用实例,有兴趣的童鞋可以深入研究,看看前Sun公司的开发人员是如何在实际框架开发中运用设计模式的,,Sunny认为,研究JDK类库中的模式实例也不失为学习如何使用设计模式的一个好方式,。
创建型模式:
(1) 抽象工厂模式(Abstract Factory)
• java.util.Calendar#getInstance()
• java.util.Arrays#asList()
• java.util.ResourceBundle#getBundle()
• java.net.URL#openConnection()
• java.sql.DriverManager#getConnection()
• java.sql.Connection#createStatement()
• java.sql.Statement#executeQuery()
• java.text.NumberFormat#getInstance()
• java.lang.management.ManagementFactory (所有getXXX()方法)
• java.nio.charset.Charset#forName()
• javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory#newInstance()
• javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory#newInstance()
• javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory#newInstance()
(2) 建造者模式(Builder)
• java.lang.StringBuilder#append()
• java.lang.StringBuffer#append()
• java.nio.ByteBuffer#put() (CharBuffer, ShortBuffer, IntBuffer,LongBuffer, FloatBuffer 和DoubleBuffer与之类似)
• javax.swing.GroupLayout.Group#addComponent()
• java.sql.PreparedStatement
• java.lang.Appendable的所有实现类
(3) 工厂方法模式(Factory Method)
• java.lang.Object#toString() (在其子类中可以覆盖该方法)
• java.lang.Class#newInstance()
• java.lang.Integer#valueOf(String) (Boolean, Byte, Character,Short, Long, Float 和 Double与之类似)
• java.lang.Class#forName()
• java.lang.reflect.Array#newInstance()
• java.lang.reflect.Constructor#newInstance()
(4) 原型模式(Prototype)
• java.lang.Object#clone() (支持浅克隆的类必须实现java.lang.Cloneable接口)
(5) 单例模式 (Singleton)
• java.lang.Runtime#getRuntime()
• java.awt.Desktop#getDesktop()
结构型模式:
(1) 适配器模式(Adapter)
•java.util.Arrays#asList()
•javax.swing.JTable(TableModel)
•java.io.InputStreamReader(InputStream)
•java.io.OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream)
•javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlAdapter#marshal()
•javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlAdapter#unmarshal()
(2) 桥接模式(Bridge)
• AWT (提供了抽象层映射于实际的操作系统)
•JDBC
(3) 组合模式(Composite)
•javax.swing.JComponent#add(Component)
•java.awt.Container#add(Component)
•java.util.Map#putAll(Map)
•java.util.List#addAll(Collection)
•java.util.Set#addAll(Collection)
(4) 装饰模式(Decorator)
•java.io.BufferedInputStream(InputStream)
•java.io.DataInputStream(InputStream)
•java.io.BufferedOutputStream(OutputStream)
•java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream(OutputStream)
•java.util.Collections#checked[List|Map|Set|SortedSet|SortedMap]()
(5) 外观模式(Facade)
•java.lang.Class
•javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet
(6) 享元模式(Flyweight)
•java.lang.Integer#valueOf(int)
•java.lang.Boolean#valueOf(boolean)
• java.lang.Byte#valueOf(byte)
•java.lang.Character#valueOf(char)
(7) 代理模式(Proxy)
• java.lang.reflect.Proxy
•java.rmi.*
行为型模式:
(1) 职责链模式(Chain of Responsibility)
•java.util.logging.Logger#log()
•javax.servlet.Filter#doFilter()
(2) 命令模式(Command)
• java.lang.Runnable
• javax.swing.Action
(3) 解释器模式(Interpreter)
• java.util.Pattern
• java.text.Normalizer
• java.text.Format
• javax.el.ELResolver
(4) 迭代器模式(Iterator)
• java.util.Iterator
• java.util.Enumeration
(5) 中介者模式(Mediator)
• java.util.Timer (所有scheduleXXX()方法)
• java.util.concurrent.Executor#execute()
• java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService (invokeXXX()和submit()方法)
• java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService (所有scheduleXXX()方法)
•java.lang.reflect.Method#invoke()
(6) 备忘录模式(Memento)
•java.util.Date
•java.io.Serializable
•javax.faces.component.StateHolder
(7) 观察者模式(Observer)
•java.util.Observer/java.util.Observable
•java.util.EventListener (所有子类)
•javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener
•javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener
•javax.faces.event.PhaseListener
(8) 状态模式(State)
•java.util.Iterator
•javax.faces.lifecycle.LifeCycle#execute()
(9) 策略模式(Strategy)
• java.util.Comparator#compare()
• javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
• javax.servlet.Filter#doFilter()
(10) 模板方法模式(Template Method)
•java.io.InputStream, java.io.OutputStream, java.io.Reader和java.io.Writer的所有非抽象方法
•java.util.AbstractList, java.util.AbstractSet和java.util.AbstractMap的所有非抽象方法
•javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#doXXX()
(11) 访问者模式(Visitor)
•javax.lang.model.element.AnnotationValue和AnnotationValueVisitor
•javax.lang.model.element.Element和ElementVisitor
•javax.lang.model.type.TypeMirror和TypeVisitor
参见:http://www.iteye.com/news/18725和http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1673841/examples-of-gof-design-patterns。
【作者:刘伟 http://blog.csdn.net/lovelion】
-----------------------蛋疼的分割线-------------------------Creational patterns
Abstract factory (recognizeable by creational methods returning the factory itself which in turn can be used to create another abstract/interface type)
-
javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory#newInstance()
-
javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory#newInstance()
-
javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory#newInstance()
Builder (recognizeable by creational methods returning the instance itself)
-
java.lang.StringBuilder#append()
(unsynchronized) -
java.lang.StringBuffer#append()
(synchronized) -
java.nio.ByteBuffer#put()
(also onCharBuffer
,ShortBuffer
,IntBuffer
,LongBuffer
,FloatBuffer
andDoubleBuffer
) -
javax.swing.GroupLayout.Group#addComponent()
- All implementations of
java.lang.Appendable
Factory method (recognizeable by creational methods returning an implementation of an abstract/interface type)
-
java.util.Calendar#getInstance()
-
java.util.ResourceBundle#getBundle()
-
java.text.NumberFormat#getInstance()
-
java.nio.charset.Charset#forName()
-
java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory#createURLStreamHandler(String)
(Returns singleton object per protocol)
Prototype (recognizeable by creational methods returning a different instance of itself with the same properties)
-
java.lang.Object#clone()
(the class has to implementjava.lang.Cloneable
)
Singleton (recognizeable by creational methods returning the same instance (usually of itself) everytime)
Structural patterns
Adapter (recognizeable by creational methods taking an instance of different abstract/interface type and returning an implementation of own/another abstract/interface type which decorates/overrides the given instance)
-
java.util.Arrays#asList()
-
java.io.InputStreamReader(InputStream)
(returns aReader
) -
java.io.OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream)
(returns aWriter
) -
javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlAdapter#marshal()
and#unmarshal()
Bridge (recognizeable by creational methods taking an instance of different abstract/interface type and returning an implementation of own abstract/interface type which delegates/uses the given instance)
- None comes to mind yet. A fictive example would be
new LinkedHashMap(LinkedHashSet<K>, List<V>)
which returns an unmodifiable linked map which doesn't clone the items, but uses them. Thejava.util.Collections#newSetFromMap()
andsingletonXXX()
methods however comes close.
Composite (recognizeable by behavioral methods taking an instance of same abstract/interface type into a tree structure)
-
java.awt.Container#add(Component)
(practically all over Swing thus) -
javax.faces.component.UIComponent#getChildren()
(practically all over JSF UI thus)
Decorator (recognizeable by creational methods taking an instance of same abstract/interface type which adds additional behaviour)
- All subclasses of
java.io.InputStream
,OutputStream
,Reader
andWriter
have a constructor taking an instance of same type. -
java.util.Collections
, thecheckedXXX()
,synchronizedXXX()
andunmodifiableXXX()
methods. -
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper
andHttpServletResponseWrapper
Facade (recognizeable by behavioral methods which internally uses instances of different independent abstract/interface types)
-
javax.faces.context.FacesContext
, it internally uses among others the abstract/interface typesLifeCycle
,ViewHandler
,NavigationHandler
and many more without that the enduser has to worry about it (which are however overrideable by injection). -
javax.faces.context.ExternalContext
, which internally usesServletContext
,HttpSession
,HttpServletRequest
,HttpServletResponse
, etc.
Flyweight (recognizeable by creational methods returning a cached instance, a bit the "multiton" idea)
Proxy (recognizeable by creational methods which returns an implementation of given abstract/interface type which in turn delegates/uses a different implementation of given abstract/interface type)
-
java.lang.reflect.Proxy
-
java.rmi.*
, the whole API actually.
The Wikipedia example is IMHO a bit poor, lazy loading has actually completely nothing to do with the proxy pattern at all.
Behavioral patterns
Chain of responsibility (recognizeable by behavioral methods which (indirectly) invokes the same method inanother implementation of same abstract/interface type in a queue)
Command (recognizeable by behavioral methods in an abstract/interface type which invokes a method in an implementation of a different abstract/interface type which has been encapsulated by the command implementation during its creation)
- All implementations of
java.lang.Runnable
- All implementations of
javax.swing.Action
Interpreter (recognizeable by behavioral methods returning a structurally different instance/type of the given instance/type; note that parsing/formatting is not part of the pattern, determining the pattern and how to apply it is)
-
java.util.Pattern
-
java.text.Normalizer
- All subclasses of
java.text.Format
- All subclasses of
javax.el.ELResolver
Iterator (recognizeable by behavioral methods sequentially returning instances of a different type from a queue)
- All implementations of
java.util.Iterator
(thus among others alsojava.util.Scanner
!). - All implementations of
java.util.Enumeration
Mediator (recognizeable by behavioral methods taking an instance of different abstract/interface type (usually using the command pattern) which delegates/uses the given instance)
-
java.util.Timer
(allscheduleXXX()
methods) -
java.util.concurrent.Executor#execute()
-
java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService
(theinvokeXXX()
andsubmit()
methods) -
java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService
(allscheduleXXX()
methods) -
java.lang.reflect.Method#invoke()
Memento (recognizeable by behavioral methods which internally changes the state of the whole instance)
-
java.util.Date
(the setter methods do that,Date
is internally represented by along
value) - All implementations of
java.io.Serializable
- All implementations of
javax.faces.component.StateHolder
Observer (or Publish/Subscribe) (recognizeable by behavioral methods which invokes a method on an instance of another abstract/interface type, depending on own state)
-
java.util.Observer
/java.util.Observable
(rarely used in real world though) - All implementations of
java.util.EventListener
(practically all over Swing thus) -
javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener
-
javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener
-
javax.faces.event.PhaseListener
State (recognizeable by behavioral methods which changes its behaviour depending on the instance's state which can be controlled externally)
-
javax.faces.lifecycle.LifeCycle#execute()
(controlled byFacesServlet
, the behaviour is dependent on current phase (state) of JSF lifecycle)
Strategy (recognizeable by behavioral methods in an abstract/interface type which invokes a method in an implementation of a different abstract/interface type which has been passed-in as method argument into the strategy implementation)
-
java.util.Comparator#compare()
, executed by among othersCollections#sort()
. -
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
, theservice()
and alldoXXX()
methods takeHttpServletRequest
andHttpServletResponse
and the implementor has to process them (and not to get hold of them as instance variables!). -
javax.servlet.Filter#doFilter()
Template method (recognizeable by behavioral methods which already have a "default" behaviour definied by an abstract type)
- All non-abstract methods of
java.io.InputStream
,java.io.OutputStream
,java.io.Reader
andjava.io.Writer
. - All non-abstract methods of
java.util.AbstractList
,java.util.AbstractSet
andjava.util.AbstractMap
. -
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
, all thedoXXX()
methods by default sends a HTTP 405 "Method Not Allowed" error to the response. You're free to implement none or any of them.
Visitor (recognizeable by two different abstract/interface types which has methods definied which takes each theother abstract/interface type; the one actually calls the method of the other and the other executes the desired strategy on it)
-
javax.lang.model.element.AnnotationValue
andAnnotationValueVisitor
-
javax.lang.model.element.Element
andElementVisitor
-
javax.lang.model.type.TypeMirror
andTypeVisitor
转:
参见:http://www.iteye.com/news/18725和http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1673841/examples-of-gof-design-patterns。
【作者:刘伟 http://blog.csdn.net/lovelion】