Truly
2005-08-17
- 下载本文的源码(C#) - 25k
- 下载本文的源码(VB) - 25k
摘要
很多时候大家需要使用xmlhttp来实现无刷新的从服务器获取数据，本文以实例代码来介绍本在客户端对WebService的调用
主要分为3种类型
- 通过SOAP对WebService进行调用
- 通过HTTP POST对WebService进行调用
- 借助MS的webservice.htc简化调用
注：本文代码均以C#代码作为基础，对于使用VB代码的需要注意WebService的命名空间，详细请看下载链接中源码
SOAP对WebService进行调用
<SCRIPT language="JavaScript"> // Client invoke WebService use SOAP request and response function GetHelloWorld_SOAP(i) { var xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); var soapMessage, soapData, URL; // Set the soap message soapMessage = "<?xml version=/"1.0/" encoding=/"utf-8/"?>"; soapMessage += "<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=/"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance/"" + " xmlns:xsd=/"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema/" xmlns:soap=/"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope//">"; soapMessage += "<soap:Body>"; // Set the data for soap body ---- begin ------ soapData = "<HelloWorld xmlns=/"http://tempuri.org//">"; soapData += " <i>" + i + "</i>"; soapData += "</HelloWorld>"; // Set the data for soap body ---- end ------ soapMessage = soapMessage + soapData + "</soap:Body>"; soapMessage = soapMessage + "</soap:Envelope>"; URL = "Service1.asmx"; //可以使用相对地址或完整URL xmlhttp.Open("POST",URL, false); xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("Content-Type","text/xml; charset=utf-8"); xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("SOAPAction","http://tempuri.org/HelloWorld"); xmlhttp.send(soapMessage); alert(soapMessage) var x = xmlhttp.responseXML; alert(x.childNodes[1].text); //那么如何知道是否调用成功呢，状态为200说明调用成功，500则说明出错 alert(xmlhttp.Status); alert(xmlhttp.StatusText); } </SCRIPT><SCRIPT language="vbscript"> ' Client invoke WebService use SOAP request and response Function vbGetHelloWorld_SOAP(i) dim soapMessage, soapData, URL ' Set the soap message soapMessage = "<?XML version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-8""?>" soapMessage = soapMessage & "<SOAP:ENVELOPE xmlns:xsi=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance""" +" xmlns:xsd=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"" xmlns:soap=""http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"">" soapMessage = soapMessage & "<SOAP:BODY>" ' Set the data for soap body ---- begin ------ soapData = "<HELLOWORLD xmlns=""http://tempuri.org/"">" soapData = soapData & " <I>" & i & "</I>" soapData = soapData & "</HELLOWORLD>" ' Set the data for soap body ---- end ------ soapMessage = soapMessage & soapData & "</SOAP:BODY>" soapMessage = soapMessage & "</SOAP:ENVELOPE>" URL = "Service1.asmx" '可以使用相对地址或完整URL Set xmlhttp = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") xmlhttp.Open "POST",URL, False xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader "Content-Type","text/xml; charset=utf-8" xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader "SOAPAction","http://tempuri.org/HelloWorld" xmlhttp.send(soapMessage) Set x2 = xmlhttp.responseXML alert(x2.childNodes(1).text) '那么如何知道是否调用成功呢，状态为200说明调用成功，500则说明出错 alert(xmlhttp.Status) alert(xmlhttp.StatusText) End Function </SCRIPT>JavaScript vbscript 通过HTTP POST对WebService进行调用
<SCRIPT language="JavaScript"> // Client invoke WebService use HTTP POST request and response function GetHelloWorld_HTTPPOST(i) { var URL = "http://localhost/WSInvoke/Service1.asmx/HelloWorld"; var Params = "i=" + i;// Set postback parameters var xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); xmlhttp.Open("POST",URL, false); xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("Content-Length",Params.length); xmlhttp.send(Params); var x = xmlhttp.responseXML; alert(x.childNodes[1].text); //那么如何知道是否调用成功呢，状态为200说明调用成功，500则说明出错 alert(xmlhttp.Status); alert(xmlhttp.StatusText); } </SCRIPT><SCRIPT language="vbscript"> ' Client invoke WebService use HTTP POST request and response Function vbGetHelloWorld_HTTPPOST(i) URL = "http://localhost/WSInvoke/Service1.asmx/HelloWorld" Params = "i=" & i ' Set postback parameters Set xmlhttp = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") xmlhttp.Open "POST",URL,False xmlhttp.setRequestHeader "Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" xmlhttp.setRequestHeader "Content-Length",LEN(Params) xmlhttp.Send(Params) Set x = xmlhttp.responseXML alert(x.childNodes(1).text) '那么如何知道是否调用成功呢，状态为200说明调用成功，500则说明出错 alert(xmlhttp.Status) alert(xmlhttp.StatusText) Set xmlhttp = Nothing End Function </SCRIPT>JavaScript vbscript 借助MS的webservice.htc简化调用
webservice.htc是MS提供的一个对webservie常用方法的封装，可以从ms官方网站下载，安装iewebcontrols时也会安装到你的网站根目录下，使用时需要注意路径。请注意代码中body的属性设置，更多对WebService.htc的介绍，点击这里。<SCRIPT language="JavaScript"> function Init() { // establishes a friendly name for a Web service URL wsCaller.useService("http://localhost/WSInvoke/Service1.asmx?WSDL","HW"); } function callWS(i) { wsCaller.HW.callService(Handler_HW, "HelloWorld", i); } function Handler_HW(result) { // if there is an error, and the call came from the call() in init() if(result.error) { // Pull the error information from the event.result.errorDetail properties var xfaultcode = result.errorDetail.code; var xfaultstring = result.errorDetail.string; var xfaultsoap = result.errorDetail.raw; // Add code to handle specific error codes here } // if there was no error else { document.all.Text1.value = result.value; } } </SCRIPT> <BODY id="wsCaller" οnlοad="Init()" style="BEHAVIOR:url(webservice.htc)"> <INPUT type="text" id="Text1" name="Text1"> <INPUT οnclick="callWS(1)" type="button" value="Invoke" id="Button1" name="Button1">Web Service 的完整代码(C#, Service1.asmx.cs)
using System; using System.Collections; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web; using System.Web.Services; namespace WSInvoke { /// <SUMMARY> /// Summary description for Service1. /// </SUMMARY> public class Service1 : System.Web.Services.WebService { public Service1() { //CODEGEN: This call is required by the ASP.NET Web Services Designer InitializeComponent(); } #region Component Designer generated code //Required by the Web Services Designer private IContainer components = null; /// <SUMMARY> /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify /// the contents of this method with the code editor. /// </SUMMARY> private void InitializeComponent() { } /// <SUMMARY> /// Clean up any resources being used. /// </SUMMARY> protected override void Dispose( bool disposing ) { if(disposing && components != null) { components.Dispose(); } base.Dispose(disposing); } #endregion // WEB SERVICE EXAMPLE // The HelloWorld() example service returns the string Hello World // To build, uncomment the following lines then save and build the project // To test this web service, press F5 [WebMethod] public string HelloWorld(int i) { return "Hello World" + i; } } }测试所用的html页面(Invoke.html)
很晚了，先把代码贴上。有空的时候把异步操作再仔细分析一下 :B<HTML> <BODY> <INPUT type="button" value="SOAP" οnclick="GetHelloWorld_SOAP('1')" id="Button1" name="Button1"> <INPUT type="button" value="HTTPPOST" οnclick="GetHelloWorld_HTTPPOST('2')" id="Button2" name="Button2"> <INPUT type="button" value="异常测试" οnclick="GetHelloWorld_SOAP('')" id="Button3" name="Button3"><BR><BR> <INPUT type="button" value="vbSOAP" οnclick="vbGetHelloWorld_SOAP('3')" id="Button4" name="Button4"> <INPUT type="button" value="vbHTTPPOST" οnclick="vbGetHelloWorld_HTTPPOST('4')" id="Button5" name="Button5"> </BODY> </HTML> 补充几条:)
在Asp中调用WebService
<％@LANGUAGE="VBSCRIPT" CODEPAGE="936"％>
<％
Dim strxml
Dim str
'定义soap消息
strxml = "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='tf-8'?>"
strxml = strxml & "<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xmlns:xsd='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' xmlns:soap='http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/'>"
strxml = strxml & "<soap:Body> "
strxml = strxml & "<isNumner xmlns='http://tempuri.org/myService/test'>"
strxml = strxml & "<str>4</str>"
strxml = strxml & "</isNumner>"
strxml = strxml & "</soap:Body>"
strxml = strxml & "</soap:Envelope>"
'定义一个XML的文档对象，将手写的或者接受的XML内容转换成XML对象
set x = createobject("Microsoft.DOMDocument")
'初始化XML对象
'将手写的SOAP字符串转换为XML对象
x.loadXML strxml
'初始化http对象
Set h = createobject( "Microsoft.XMLHTTP")
'向指定的URL发送Post消息
h.open "POST", "http://localhost/myService/test.asmx", False
h.setRequestHeader "Content-Type", "text/xml"
h.setRequestHeader "SOAPAction", "http://tempuri.org/myService/test/isNumner"
h.send (strxml)
While h.readyState <> 4
Wend
'显示返回的XML信息
str = h.responseText
'将返回的XML信息解析并且显示返回值
Set x = createobject("MSXML2.DOMDocument")
x.loadXML str
str = x.childNodes(1).Text
response.write(str)
％>
在.net中调用WebService
在.net中调用WebService就方便多了，没有必要自己写soap消息了，以上都是用XMLHTTP来发送WebService请求的，在.net只要添加了web引用，会自动为你创建一个代理类。然后使用代理类就像用自己定义的类一样方便。
如何在ASP中调用由Delphi编写的WebService
Q：那么又如何在ASP中调用由Delphi编写的WebService呢？
A：上微软网站下个Microsoft SOAP Toolkit 3.0安装，就可以在asp里调用webservice了，调用方法如下：
Microsoft SOAP Toolkit（MSST）可以到微软网站免费下载：http://download.microsoft.com/download/xml/Install/3.0/W982KMeXP/EN-US/SoapToolkit30.EXE
<%
'Calling a Web service using Microsoft SOAP Toolkit 3.0
OPTION EXPLICIT
Dim strWebSvcWSDLURL
Dim objSOAPClient
strWebSvcWSDLURL ="http://localhost/jfgl/jfglWebSrv.dll/wsdl/IjfglWebSrv"
Set objSOAPClient = Server.CreateObject("MSSOAP.SoapClient30")
objSOAPClient.ClientProperty("ServerHTTPRequest") = True
objSOAPClient.MSSoapInit strWebSvcWSDLURL, "", "", ""
dim s
s = objSOAPClient.Get_Sql_Time //调用soap里的方法
response.write s
%>附表1（IXMLHTTPRequest - 属性）
Name Type Description onreadystatechange N/A 指定当就绪状态发生改变时调用的事件处理函数，仅用于异步操作 readyState Long 异步操作的状态：未初始化(0)，正在加载(1)，已加载(2)，交互(3)，已完成(4) responseBody Variant 将响应信息正文作为unsigned byte数组返回 responseStream Variant 将响应信息正文作为一个ADO Stream对象返回 responseText String 将响应信息正文作为一个文本字符串返回 responseXML Object 通过XMLDom将响应信息正文解析为XMLDocument对象 status Long 服务器返回的HTTP状态码 statusText String 服务器HTTP响应行状态 附表2（IXMLHTTPRequest - 方法）
来自： http://truly.cnblogs.com/archive/2005/08/18/218102.htmlName Desciption abort 取消当前 HTTP 请求 getAllResponseHeaders 从响应信息中检索所有的标头字段 getResponseHeader 从响应信息正文中获得一个 HTTP 标头值 open(method, url, boolAsync, bstrUser, bstrPassword) 打开一个与 HTTP 服务器的连接 send(varBody) 设定一个请求的标头字段 setRequestHeader(bstrHeader, bstrValue) 向 HTTP 服务器发送请求。可包含正文。
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