之前三节我们采用的查询方式,中断方式和poll方式都是应用程序主动去查询按键状态。那么有没有一种机制可以实现驱动程序主动提醒应用程序按键的状态?答案是肯定的!这就是异步通信机制。
采用异步通信机制来编写按键驱动程序的大体思想是:当按键按下时,驱动程序将一个信号传递给应用程序,应用程序注册了接收到该信号的处理函数,当接受到该信号后,就会调用相应的处理函数进行处理。
我们先来看具体的代码,然后从具体代码来分析:
我们先来看具体的代码,然后从具体代码来分析:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#define DEVICE_NAME "keys"
volatile unsigned long *gpfcon=NULL;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat=NULL;
volatile unsigned long *gpgcon=NULL;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat=NULL;
static struct class *keys_class;
static struct class_device *keys_class_devs;
struct pin_desc{
unsigned int pin;
unsigned int key_val;
};
struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
{S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
{S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
{S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
{S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};
static struct fasync_struct *button_async;
static unsigned char key_val;
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
unsigned int pinval;
pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);
if (pinval)
{
key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
}
else
{
key_val = pindesc->key_val;
}
kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);//add
return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}
static int s3c24xx_keys_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2",&pins_desc[0]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3",&pins_desc[1]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT11,buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4",&pins_desc[2]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT19,buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5",&pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}
static int s3c24xx_keys_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buff, size_t count, loff_t *offp)
{
copy_to_user(buff, &key_val, 1);
return 1;
}
int s3c24xx_keys_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT11,&pins_desc[2]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT19,&pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}
static int s3c24xx_keys_fasync(int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
printk("driver: fifth_drv_fasync\n");
return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);//add
}
static struct file_operations s3c24xx_keys_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = s3c24xx_keys_open,
.read = s3c24xx_keys_read,
.release = s3c24xx_keys_close,
.fasync = s3c24xx_keys_fasync,
};
int major;
static int __init s3c24xx_keys_init(void)
{
major=register_chrdev(0, DEVICE_NAME, &s3c24xx_keys_fops);//auto distribute major
keys_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "keys_class");
keys_class_devs = class_device_create(keys_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "keys");
gpfcon=(volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050,16);
gpfdat=gpfcon+1;
gpgcon=(volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060,16);
gpgdat=gpgcon+1;
printk(DEVICE_NAME " initialized\n");
return 0;
}
static void __exit s3c24xx_keys_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major, DEVICE_NAME);
class_device_unregister(keys_class_devs);
class_destroy(keys_class);
iounmap(gpfcon);
iounmap(gpgcon);
}
module_init(s3c24xx_keys_init);
module_exit(s3c24xx_keys_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
测试程序代码如下:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int fd;
void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
unsigned char key_val;
read(fd, &key_val, 1);
printf("key_val: 0x%x\n", key_val);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
unsigned char key_val;
int ret;
int Oflags;
signal(SIGIO, my_signal_fun);
fd = open("/dev/keys", O_RDWR);
if (fd < 0)
{
printf("can't open!\n");
}
fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
Oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC);
while (1)
{
sleep(5000);
}
return 0;
}
分析:
首先我们先来看一个结构体:
struct fasync_struct {
int magic;
int fa_fd;
struct fasync_struct *fa_next; /* singly linked list */
struct file *fa_file;
};
在应用程序中,需要做下面几件事情:
(1)
fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
告诉内核,要把信号发送自己,
即filp->f_owner=getpid();
(2)
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC);
改变fasync标记,会调用
驱动程序的fasync方法,
最终会调用fasync_helper:初始化/释放fasync_struct
(3)
signal(SIGIO, my_signal_fun);注册接收到信号的处理函数
那么针对应用程序我们的驱动程序显然要完成下面几项工作:
(1)当调用F_SETOWN时,除了对filp->f_owner赋值以外,什么也不干。不过这步工作已经由内核做好了,我们的驱动程序不必考虑
(2)当调用F_SETFL时打开
FASYNC标识时,驱动程序的fasync方法被调用。无论
FASYNC的值何时发生变化,该方法都被调用,通知驱动程序
该标识的变化,以便驱动程序能够正确相应。于是我们要实现这样一个方法:
.fasync = s3c24xx_keys_fasync,
static int s3c24xx_keys_fasync(int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
printk("driver: fifth_drv_fasync\n");
return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}
(3)当某事件发生时,向注册进来的进程发送信号:
kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);