原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/gavinr/article/details/7183499
1.获取数据
ffmpeg读取mp4中的H264数据,并不能直接得到NALU,文件中也没有储存0x00000001的分隔符。下面这张图为packet.data中的数据
从图中可以发现,packet中的数据起始处没有分隔符(0x00000001), 也不是0x65、0x67、0x68、0x41等字节,所以可以肯定这不是标准的nalu。
其实,前4个字0x000032ce表示的是nalu的长度,从第5个字节开始才是nalu的数据。所以直接将前4个字节替换为0x00000001即可得到标准的nalu数据。
2.获取pps及sps
pps及sps不能从packet获得,而是保存在AVCodecContext的extradata数据域中。如下:
如何从extradata中解析出sps及pps呢?ffmpeg中提供了一个流过滤器"h264_mp4toannexb"完成这项工作,关键代码如下:
static int h264_extradata_to_annexb(H264BSFContext *ctx, AVCodecContext *avctx, const int padding)
{
uint16_t unit_size;
uint64_t total_size = 0;
uint8_t *out = NULL, unit_nb, sps_done = 0,
sps_seen = 0, pps_seen = 0;
const uint8_t *extradata = avctx->extradata + 4;
static const uint8_t nalu_header[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 1 };
int length_size = (*extradata++ & 0x3) + 1; // retrieve length coded size
ctx->sps_offset = ctx->pps_offset = -1;
/* retrieve sps and pps unit(s) */
unit_nb = *extradata++ & 0x1f; /* number of sps unit(s) */
if (!unit_nb) {
goto pps;
} else {
ctx->sps_offset = 0;
sps_seen = 1;
}
while (unit_nb--) {
int err;
unit_size = AV_RB16(extradata);
total_size += unit_size + 4;
if (total_size > INT_MAX - padding) {
av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
"Too big extradata size, corrupted stream or invalid MP4/AVCC bitstream\n");
av_free(out);
return AVERROR(EINVAL);
}
if (extradata + 2 + unit_size > avctx->extradata + avctx->extradata_size) {
av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Packet header is not contained in global extradata, "
"corrupted stream or invalid MP4/AVCC bitstream\n");
av_free(out);
return AVERROR(EINVAL);
}
if ((err = av_reallocp(&out, total_size + padding)) < 0)
return err;
memcpy(out + total_size - unit_size - 4, nalu_header, 4);
memcpy(out + total_size - unit_size, extradata + 2, unit_size);
extradata += 2 + unit_size;
pps:
if (!unit_nb && !sps_done++) {
unit_nb = *extradata++; /* number of pps unit(s) */
if (unit_nb) {
ctx->pps_offset = total_size;
pps_seen = 1;
}
}
}
if (out)
memset(out + total_size, 0, padding);
if (!sps_seen)
av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING,
"Warning: SPS NALU missing or invalid. "
"The resulting stream may not play.\n");
if (!pps_seen)
av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING,
"Warning: PPS NALU missing or invalid. "
"The resulting stream may not play.\n");
if (!ctx->private_spspps) {
av_free(avctx->extradata);
avctx->extradata = out;
avctx->extradata_size = total_size;
}
ctx->spspps_buf = out;
ctx->spspps_size = total_size;
return length_size;
}
static int h264_mp4toannexb_filter(AVBitStreamFilterContext *bsfc,
AVCodecContext *avctx, const char *args,
uint8_t **poutbuf, int *poutbuf_size,
const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size,
int keyframe)
{
H264BSFContext *ctx = bsfc->priv_data;
int i;
uint8_t unit_type;
int32_t nal_size;
uint32_t cumul_size = 0;
const uint8_t *buf_end = buf + buf_size;
int ret = 0;
/* nothing to filter */
if (!avctx->extradata || avctx->extradata_size < 6) {
*poutbuf = (uint8_t *)buf;
*poutbuf_size = buf_size;
return 0;
}
/* retrieve sps and pps NAL units from extradata */
if (!ctx->extradata_parsed) {
if (args && strstr(args, "private_spspps_buf"))
ctx->private_spspps = 1;
ret = h264_extradata_to_annexb(ctx, avctx, AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
ctx->length_size = ret;
ctx->new_idr = 1;
ctx->idr_sps_seen = 0;
ctx->idr_pps_seen = 0;
ctx->extradata_parsed = 1;
}
*poutbuf_size = 0;
*poutbuf = NULL;
do {
ret= AVERROR(EINVAL);
if (buf + ctx->length_size > buf_end)
goto fail;
for (nal_size = 0, i = 0; i<ctx->length_size; i++)
nal_size = (nal_size << 8) | buf[i];
buf += ctx->length_size;
unit_type = *buf & 0x1f;
if (nal_size > buf_end - buf || nal_size < 0)
goto fail;
if (unit_type == 7)
ctx->idr_sps_seen = ctx->new_idr = 1;
else if (unit_type == 8) {
ctx->idr_pps_seen = ctx->new_idr = 1;
/* if SPS has not been seen yet, prepend the AVCC one to PPS */
if (!ctx->idr_sps_seen) {
if (ctx->sps_offset == -1)
av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "SPS not present in the stream, nor in AVCC, stream may be unreadable\n");
else {
if ((ret = alloc_and_copy(poutbuf, poutbuf_size,
ctx->spspps_buf + ctx->sps_offset,
ctx->pps_offset != -1 ? ctx->pps_offset : ctx->spspps_size - ctx->sps_offset,
buf, nal_size)) < 0)
goto fail;
ctx->idr_sps_seen = 1;
goto next_nal;
}
}
}
/* if this is a new IDR picture following an IDR picture, reset the idr flag.
* Just check first_mb_in_slice to be 0 as this is the simplest solution.
* This could be checking idr_pic_id instead, but would complexify the parsing. */
if (!ctx->new_idr && unit_type == 5 && (buf[1] & 0x80))
ctx->new_idr = 1;
/* prepend only to the first type 5 NAL unit of an IDR picture, if no sps/pps are already present */
if (ctx->new_idr && unit_type == 5 && !ctx->idr_sps_seen && !ctx->idr_pps_seen) {
if ((ret=alloc_and_copy(poutbuf, poutbuf_size,
ctx->spspps_buf, ctx->spspps_size,
buf, nal_size)) < 0)
goto fail;
ctx->new_idr = 0;
/* if only SPS has been seen, also insert PPS */
} else if (ctx->new_idr && unit_type == 5 && ctx->idr_sps_seen && !ctx->idr_pps_seen) {
if (ctx->pps_offset == -1) {
av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "PPS not present in the stream, nor in AVCC, stream may be unreadable\n");
if ((ret = alloc_and_copy(poutbuf, poutbuf_size,
NULL, 0, buf, nal_size)) < 0)
goto fail;
} else if ((ret = alloc_and_copy(poutbuf, poutbuf_size,
ctx->spspps_buf + ctx->pps_offset, ctx->spspps_size - ctx->pps_offset,
buf, nal_size)) < 0)
goto fail;
} else {
if ((ret=alloc_and_copy(poutbuf, poutbuf_size,
NULL, 0, buf, nal_size)) < 0)
goto fail;
if (!ctx->new_idr && unit_type == 1) {
ctx->new_idr = 1;
ctx->idr_sps_seen = 0;
ctx->idr_pps_seen = 0;
}
}
next_nal:
buf += nal_size;
cumul_size += nal_size + ctx->length_size;
} while (cumul_size < buf_size);
return 1;
fail:
av_freep(poutbuf);
*poutbuf_size = 0;
return ret;
}
一般情况下,extradata中包含一个sps、一个pps 的nalu, 从上面的代码中容易看出extradata的数据格式。分析后的sps及pps依然储存在extradata域中,并添加了起始符。从代码中还可以看出,上面的函数会将sps、pps及packet中的数据,都copy到poutbuf指示的内存中,如果不需要copy到指定内存,直接给buf参数传入空值即可。
3.使用ffmpeg的流过滤器获取sps及pps
流过滤器"h264_mp4toannexb", 在av_register_all()函数中会被注册。用法示例如下:
int ParseH264ExtraDataInMp4(int stream_id)
{
uint8_t *dummy = NULL;
int dummy_size;
AVBitStreamFilterContext* bsfc = av_bitstream_filter_init("h264_mp4toannexb");
if(bsfc == NULL)
{
return -1;
}
av_bitstream_filter_filter(
bsfc, format_ctx_->streams[stream_id]->codec, NULL, &dummy, &dummy_size, NULL, 0, 0);
av_bitstream_filter_close(bsfc);
return 0;
}