LeetCode: Largest Rectangle in Histogram(直方图最大面积)

具体的题目描述为：

Given n non-negative integers representing the histogram's bar height where the width of each bar is 1, find the area of largest rectangle in the histogram.

Above is a histogram where width of each bar is 1, given height =[2,1,5,6,2,3].

The largest rectangle is shown in the shaded area, which has area =10 unit.

For example,
Given height = [2,1,5,6,2,3],
return 10.

这道题可以有两个解法。

解法一是穷举法，对于直方图的每一个右边界，穷举所有的左边界。将面积最大的那个值记录下来。时间复杂度为O(n^2). 单纯的穷举在LeetCode上面过大集合时会超时。可以通过选择合适的右边界，做一个剪枝(Pruning)。观察发现当height[k] >= height[k - 1]时，无论左边界是什么值，选择height[k]总会比