在Java开发过程中,通过线程同步机制确保线程安全,线程同步机制说起来挺简单,大家也都能说出个一二来,实际应用过程中一不小心就容易犯错,这里把自己的历程写下来作为记录,有则改之,无则加勉。
1.线程同步是针对多个(至少两个)线程操作同一个对象(准确说是对象的实例)来说的,不同的对象(实例)之间不存在同步问题。
1)ThreadSynchronizedDemo类
package com.wicresoft.demo5;
public class ThreadSynchronizedDemo extends Thread {
private String threadName;
ThreadSynchronizedDemo(String name){
this.threadName = name;
//System.out.println("Creating " + threadName );
}
public synchronized void run() {
System.out.println("Running " + threadName );
try {
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println("Thread: " + threadName + ", " + i);
// Let the thread sleep for a while.
Thread.sleep(50);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Thread " + threadName + " interrupted.");
}
System.out.println("Thread " + threadName + " exiting.");
}
}
这里的run方法是使用了synchronized方法的,一个线程进入这个方法后,另外一个线程必须等待第一个线程执行结束。
package com.wicresoft.demo5;
public class TestThreadSynchronized {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Thread T1 = new ThreadSynchronizedDemo("Thread-1");
Thread T2 = new ThreadSynchronizedDemo("Thread-2");
Thread thread1 = new Thread(T1);
Thread thread2 = new Thread(T2);
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
这里有两个线程,分别去执行run方法,得到的结果是:
Running Thread-2
Running Thread-1
Thread: Thread-2, 0
Thread: Thread-1, 0
Thread: Thread-2, 1
Thread: Thread-1, 1
Thread: Thread-1, 2
Thread: Thread-2, 2
Thread: Thread-2, 3
Thread: Thread-1, 3
Thread: Thread-2, 4
Thread: Thread-1, 4
Thread Thread-2 exiting.
Thread Thread-1 exiting.
怎么回事?不是我们想要的结果!这里我们的两个线程作用的对象是一个类的两个实例,属于不同对象,在开始的时候我们提到,必须是作用在同一个实例上。
Thread thread1 = new Thread(T1);
Thread thread2 = new Thread(T1);
我们修改一下,让一个线程作用在同一个实例上!得到的结果是:
Running Thread-1
Thread: Thread-1, 0
Thread: Thread-1, 1
Thread: Thread-1, 2
Thread: Thread-1, 3
Thread: Thread-1, 4
Thread Thread-1 exiting.
Running Thread-1
Thread: Thread-1, 0
Thread: Thread-1, 1
Thread: Thread-1, 2
Thread: Thread-1, 3
Thread: Thread-1, 4
Thread Thread-1 exiting.
这时候我们看到的就是一个线程接着一个线程运行,就是我们所说的线程同步!
在确保线程同步时,我们可能并不需要锁定某个方法的所有部分,这时候我们可以锁定方法的某一个部分。
public void run() {
System.out.println("Running " + Thread.currentThread().getName() );
try {
synchronized(this){
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println("Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", " + i);
// Let the thread sleep for a while.
Thread.sleep(50);
}
}
for(int i = 0; i < 5;i++){
System.out.println("Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " not lock");
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Thread " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " interrupted.");
}
System.out.println("Thread " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " exiting.");
}
这里锁定的部分是同步的,没有被锁定的部分
不一定是线程同步的!