Lucene教程(三) 索引域选项

通过上两篇的学习，想必已经入了门了，今天来看索引域选项中的几个值得设置
先来看一个构造器：

  /**
   * Create a field by specifying its name, value and how it will
   * be saved in the index. Term vectors will not be stored in the index.
   * 
   * @param name The name of the field
   * @param value The string to process
   * @param store Whether <code>value</code> should be stored in the index
   * @param index Whether the field should be indexed, and if so, if it should
   *  be tokenized before indexing 
   * @throws NullPointerException if name or value is <code>null</code>
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the field is neither stored nor indexed 
   */
  public Field(String name, String value, Store store, Index index) {
    this(name, value, store, index, TermVector.NO);
  }

我们向Document添加Field可以有更多的设置，那么都是什么意思呢？
name：字段名，很容易理解
value：字段值，也很容易理解
store和index怎么解释，下面就来看一下这两个选项的可选值：
Field.Store.YES或者NO(存储域选项)
设置为YES表示或把这个域中的内容完全存储到文件中，方便进行文本的还原
设置为NO表示把这个域的内容不存储到文件中，但是可以被索引，此时内容无法完全还原
Field.Index(索引选项)
Index.ANALYZED:进行分词和索引，适用于标题、内容等
Index.NOT_ANALYZED:进行索引，但是不进行分词，如果身份证号，姓名，ID等，适用于精确搜索
Index.ANALYZED_NOT_NORMS:进行分词但是不存储norms信息，这个norms中包括了创建索引的时间和权值等信息
Index.NOT_ANALYZED_NOT_NORMS:即不进行分词也不存储norms信息
Index.NO:不进行索引
写个例子看看，由于pom文件与之前的一样，就不贴出了，直接看例子代码：
3.5版本：

package com.darren.lucene35;

import java.io.File;

import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig;
import org.apache.lucene.queryParser.QueryParser;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TopDocs;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
import org.apache.lucene.util.Version;

public class IndexUtil {
    private static final String[] ids = { "1", "2", "3" };
    private static final String[] authors = { "Darren", "Tony", "Grylls" };
    private static final String[] titles = { "Hello World", "Hello Lucene", "Hello Java" };
    private static final String[] contents = { "Hello World, I am on my way", "Today is my first day to study Lucene",
            "I like Java" };

    /**
     * 建立索引
     */
    public static void index() {
        IndexWriter indexWriter = null;
        try {
            // 1、创建Directory
            Directory directory = FSDirectory.open(new File("F:/test/lucene/index"));

            // 2、创建IndexWriter
            Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_35);
            IndexWriterConfig config = new IndexWriterConfig(Version.LUCENE_35, analyzer);
            indexWriter = new IndexWriter(directory, config);

            int size = ids.length;
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                // 3、创建Document对象
                Document document = new Document();
                // 看看四个参数的意思
                /**
                 * Create a field by specifying its name, value and how it will be saved in the index. Term vectors will
                 * not be stored in the index.
                 * 
                 * @param name
                 *            The name of the field
                 * @param value
                 *            The string to process
                 * @param store
                 *            Whether <code>value</code> should be stored in the index
                 * @param index
                 *            Whether the field should be indexed, and if so, if it should be tokenized before indexing
                 * 
                 *            public Field(String name, String value, Store store, Index index) { this(name, value,
                 *            store, index, TermVector.NO); }
                 */

                // 4、为Document添加Field

                // 对ID存储，但是不分词也不存储norms信息,这个norms中包括了创建索引的时间和权值等信息
                document.add(new Field("id", ids[i], Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NOT_ANALYZED_NO_NORMS));
                // 对Author存储，但是不分词也不存储norms信息,这个norms中包括了创建索引的时间和权值等信息
                document.add(new Field("author", authors[i], Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NOT_ANALYZED));
                // 对Title存储，分词
                document.add(new Field("title", titles[i], Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));
                // 对Content不存储，但是分词
                /**
                 * 注：添加内容或文件是默认是不存储的，这个查询时可以证明这个问题
                 * 
                 * new Field(name, reader)
                 * 
                 * 那么问题来了，如果想存文件内容怎么办呢？
                 * 
                 * 那就把文件读出来，比如读出字符串，然后不就能按字符串的方式存储啦
                 */
                document.add(new Field("content", contents[i], Field.Store.NO, Field.Index.ANALYZED));

                // 5、通过IndexWriter添加文档到索引中
                indexWriter.addDocument(document);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (indexWriter != null) {
                    indexWriter.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 搜索
     */
    public static void search() {
        IndexReader indexReader = null;
        try {
            // 1、创建Directory
            Directory directory = FSDirectory.open(new File("F:/test/lucene/index"));
            // 2、创建IndexReader
            indexReader = IndexReader.open(directory);
            // 3、根据IndexReader创建IndexSearch
            IndexSearcher indexSearcher = new IndexSearcher(indexReader);
            // 4、创建搜索的Query
            // 使用默认的标准分词器
            Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_35);

            // 在content中搜索Lucene
            // 创建parser来确定要搜索文件的内容，第二个参数为搜索的域
            QueryParser queryParser = new QueryParser(Version.LUCENE_35, "content", analyzer);
            // 创建Query表示搜索域为content包含Lucene的文档
            Query query = queryParser.parse("Lucene");

            // 5、根据searcher搜索并且返回TopDocs
            TopDocs topDocs = indexSearcher.search(query, 10);
            // 6、根据TopDocs获取ScoreDoc对象
            ScoreDoc[] scoreDocs = topDocs.scoreDocs;
            for (ScoreDoc scoreDoc : scoreDocs) {
                // 7、根据searcher和ScoreDoc对象获取具体的Document对象
                Document document = indexSearcher.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
                // 8、根据Document对象获取需要的值
                System.out.println("id : " + document.get("id"));
                System.out.println("author : " + document.get("author"));
                System.out.println("title : " + document.get("title"));
                /**
                 * 看看content能不能打印出来，为什么？
                 */
                System.out.println("content : " + document.get("content"));
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (indexReader != null) {
                    indexReader.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }
}

我在注释中留了问
题，现在我们是这样添加content字段的：

document.add(new Field("content", contents[i], Field.Store.NO, Field.Index.ANALYZED));

测试代码如下：

package com.darren.lucene35;

import org.junit.Test;

public class IndexUtilTest {
    @Test
    public void testIndex() {
        IndexUtil.index();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSearch() {
        IndexUtil.search();
    }
}

现在跑一下测试看看效果，结果如下：

id : 2
author : Tony
title : Hello Lucene
content : null

为什么content为null，就是因为没有存，那么我们存一下看看

document.add(new Field("content", contents[i], Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));

再跑一下测试，注意，要先跑索引，再跑查询

id : 2  
author : Tony  
title : Hello Lucene  
content : Today is my first day to study Lucene  

现在content有值了
索引选项与此类同，不在赘述
4.5版本：
这里先要看看3.5版本的Store和Index到底设置了什么东四，其实在Field的构造器中是这样设置的：

this.isStored = store.isStored();  

this.isIndexed = index.isIndexed();  
this.isTokenized = index.isAnalyzed();  
this.omitNorms = index.omitNorms();  

是使用的这几个属性，那么这几个属性的值是什么呢：

  public static enum Store {

    /** Store the original field value in the index. This is useful for short texts
     * like a document's title which should be displayed with the results. The
     * value is stored in its original form, i.e. no analyzer is used before it is
     * stored.
     */
    YES {
      @Override
      public boolean isStored() { return true; }
    },

    /** Do not store the field value in the index. */
    NO {
      @Override
      public boolean isStored() { return false; }
    };

    public abstract boolean isStored();
  }

  /** Specifies whether and how a field should be indexed. */
  public static enum Index {

    /** Do not index the field value. This field can thus not be searched,
     * but one can still access its contents provided it is
     * {@link Field.Store stored}. */
    NO {
      @Override
      public boolean isIndexed()  { return false; }
      @Override
      public boolean isAnalyzed() { return false; }
      @Override
      public boolean omitNorms()  { return true;  }   
    },

    /** Index the tokens produced by running the field's
     * value through an Analyzer.  This is useful for
     * common text. */
    ANALYZED {
      @Override
      public boolean isIndexed()  { return true;  }
      @Override
      public boolean isAnalyzed() { return true;  }
      @Override
      public boolean omitNorms()  { return false; }     
    },

    /** Index the field's value without using an Analyzer, so it can be searched.
     * As no analyzer is used the value will be stored as a single term. This is
     * useful for unique Ids like product numbers.
     */
    NOT_ANALYZED {
      @Override
      public boolean isIndexed()  { return true;  }
      @Override
      public boolean isAnalyzed() { return false; }
      @Override
      public boolean omitNorms()  { return false; }     
    },

    /** Expert: Index the field's value without an Analyzer,
     * and also disable the indexing of norms.  Note that you
     * can also separately enable/disable norms by calling
     * {@link Field#setOmitNorms}.  No norms means that
     * index-time field and document boosting and field
     * length normalization are disabled.  The benefit is
     * less memory usage as norms take up one byte of RAM
     * per indexed field for every document in the index,
     * during searching.  Note that once you index a given
     * field <i>with</i> norms enabled, disabling norms will
     * have no effect.  In other words, for this to have the
     * above described effect on a field, all instances of
     * that field must be indexed with NOT_ANALYZED_NO_NORMS
     * from the beginning. */
    NOT_ANALYZED_NO_NORMS {
      @Override
      public boolean isIndexed()  { return true;  }
      @Override
      public boolean isAnalyzed() { return false; }
      @Override
      public boolean omitNorms()  { return true;  }     
    },

    /** Expert: Index the tokens produced by running the
     *  field's value through an Analyzer, and also
     *  separately disable the storing of norms.  See
     *  {@link #NOT_ANALYZED_NO_NORMS} for what norms are
     *  and why you may want to disable them. */
    ANALYZED_NO_NORMS {
      @Override
      public boolean isIndexed()  { return true;  }
      @Override
      public boolean isAnalyzed() { return true;  }
      @Override
      public boolean omitNorms()  { return true;  }     
    };

明明白白，清清楚楚吧，是预定义好的，对应关系非常清楚，那么我们来看看4.5版本是怎么做的：

package com.darren.lucene45;

import java.io.File;

import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.document.FieldType;
import org.apache.lucene.document.StringField;
import org.apache.lucene.document.TextField;
import org.apache.lucene.index.DirectoryReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig;
import org.apache.lucene.queryparser.classic.QueryParser;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TopDocs;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
import org.apache.lucene.util.Version;

public class IndexUtil {
    private static final String[] ids = { "1", "2", "3" };
    private static final String[] authors = { "Darren", "Tony", "Grylls" };
    private static final String[] titles = { "Hello World", "Hello Lucene", "Hello Java" };
    private static final String[] contents = { "Hello World, I am on my way", "Today is my first day to study Lucene",
            "I like Java" };

    /**
     * 建立索引
     */
    public static void index() {
        IndexWriter indexWriter = null;
        try {
            // 1、创建Directory
            Directory directory = FSDirectory.open(new File("F:/test/lucene/index"));

            // 2、创建IndexWriter
            Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_45);
            IndexWriterConfig config = new IndexWriterConfig(Version.LUCENE_45, analyzer);
            indexWriter = new IndexWriter(directory, config);

            int size = ids.length;
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                // 3、创建Document对象
                Document document = new Document();
                // 看看四个参数的意思

                // 4、为Document添加Field
                /**
                 * Create field with String value.
                 * 
                 * @param name
                 *            field name
                 * @param value
                 *            string value
                 * @param type
                 *            field type
                 * @throws IllegalArgumentException
                 *             if either the name or value is null, or if the field's type is neither indexed() nor
                 *             stored(), or if indexed() is false but storeTermVectors() is true.
                 * @throws NullPointerException
                 *             if the type is null
                 * 
                 *             public Field(String name, String value, FieldType type)
                 */

                /**
                 * 注意：这里与3.5版本不同，原来的构造函数已过时
                 */

                /**
                 * 注：这里4.5版本使用FieldType代替了原来的Store和Index，不同的Field预定义了一些FieldType
                 * 
                 */
                // 对ID存储，但是不分词也不存储norms信息
                FieldType idType = TextField.TYPE_STORED;
                idType.setIndexed(false);
                idType.setOmitNorms(false);
                document.add(new Field("id", ids[i], idType));

                // 对Author存储，但是不分词
                FieldType authorType = TextField.TYPE_STORED;
                authorType.setIndexed(false);
                document.add(new Field("author", authors[i], authorType));

                // 对Title存储，分词
                document.add(new Field("title", titles[i], StringField.TYPE_STORED));

                // 对Content不存储，但是分词
                document.add(new Field("content", contents[i], TextField.TYPE_NOT_STORED));

                // 5、通过IndexWriter添加文档到索引中
                indexWriter.addDocument(document);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (indexWriter != null) {
                    indexWriter.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 搜索
     */
    public static void search() {
        DirectoryReader indexReader = null;
        try {
            // 1、创建Directory
            Directory directory = FSDirectory.open(new File("F:/test/lucene/index"));
            // 2、创建IndexReader
            /**
             * 注意Reader与3.5版本不同：
             * 
             * 所以使用DirectoryReader
             * 
             * @Deprecated public static DirectoryReader open(final Directory directory) throws IOException { return
             *             DirectoryReader.open(directory); }
             */
            indexReader = DirectoryReader.open(directory);
            // 3、根据IndexReader创建IndexSearch
            IndexSearcher indexSearcher = new IndexSearcher(indexReader);
            // 4、创建搜索的Query
            // 使用默认的标准分词器
            Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_45);

            // 在content中搜索Lucene
            // 创建parser来确定要搜索文件的内容，第二个参数为搜索的域
            QueryParser queryParser = new QueryParser(Version.LUCENE_45, "content", analyzer);
            // 创建Query表示搜索域为content包含Lucene的文档
            Query query = queryParser.parse("Lucene");

            // 5、根据searcher搜索并且返回TopDocs
            TopDocs topDocs = indexSearcher.search(query, 10);
            // 6、根据TopDocs获取ScoreDoc对象
            ScoreDoc[] scoreDocs = topDocs.scoreDocs;
            for (ScoreDoc scoreDoc : scoreDocs) {
                // 7、根据searcher和ScoreDoc对象获取具体的Document对象
                Document document = indexSearcher.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
                // 8、根据Document对象获取需要的值
                System.out.println("id : " + document.get("id"));
                System.out.println("author : " + document.get("author"));
                System.out.println("title : " + document.get("title"));
                /**
                 * 看看content能不能打印出来，为什么？
                 */
                System.out.println("content : " + document.get("content"));
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (indexReader != null) {
                    indexReader.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }
}

4.5版本使用了FieldType来代替Store和Index，其实去看看FieldType是什么东四，就是预定义了一些值，比如StringField

package org.apache.lucene.document;

import org.apache.lucene.index.FieldInfo.IndexOptions;

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

/** A field that is indexed but not tokenized: the entire
 *  String value is indexed as a single token.  For example
 *  this might be used for a 'country' field or an 'id'
 *  field, or any field that you intend to use for sorting
 *  or access through the field cache. */

public final class StringField extends Field {

  /** Indexed, not tokenized, omits norms, indexes
   *  DOCS_ONLY, not stored. */
  public static final FieldType TYPE_NOT_STORED = new FieldType();

  /** Indexed, not tokenized, omits norms, indexes
   *  DOCS_ONLY, stored */
  public static final FieldType TYPE_STORED = new FieldType();

  static {
    TYPE_NOT_STORED.setIndexed(true);
    TYPE_NOT_STORED.setOmitNorms(true);
    TYPE_NOT_STORED.setIndexOptions(IndexOptions.DOCS_ONLY);
    TYPE_NOT_STORED.setTokenized(false);
    TYPE_NOT_STORED.freeze();

    TYPE_STORED.setIndexed(true);
    TYPE_STORED.setOmitNorms(true);
    TYPE_STORED.setIndexOptions(IndexOptions.DOCS_ONLY);
    TYPE_STORED.setStored(true);
    TYPE_STORED.setTokenized(false);
    TYPE_STORED.freeze();
  }

  /** Creates a new StringField. 
   *  @param name field name
   *  @param value String value
   *  @param stored Store.YES if the content should also be stored
   *  @throws IllegalArgumentException if the field name or value is null.
   */
  public StringField(String name, String value, Store stored) {
    super(name, value, stored == Store.YES ? TYPE_STORED : TYPE_NOT_STORED);
  }
}

整个类预定义了两种FieldType，分别是TYPE_NOT_STORED和TYPE_STORED，具体的值也是一目了然看看和3.5版本是不是基本一样的，当然还有一些其他的FieldType，比如TextField中预定义了另外两种，

  /** Indexed, tokenized, not stored. */
  public static final FieldType TYPE_NOT_STORED = new FieldType();

  /** Indexed, tokenized, stored. */
  public static final FieldType TYPE_STORED = new FieldType();

  static {
    TYPE_NOT_STORED.setIndexed(true);
    TYPE_NOT_STORED.setTokenized(true);
    TYPE_NOT_STORED.freeze();

    TYPE_STORED.setIndexed(true);
    TYPE_STORED.setTokenized(true);
    TYPE_STORED.setStored(true);
    TYPE_STORED.freeze();
  }

当然，还有其他的FieldType，不再一一列出，那么我们来试一下

package com.darren.lucene45;

import org.junit.Test;

public class IndexUtilTest {
    @Test
    public void testIndex() {
        IndexUtil.index();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSearch() {
        IndexUtil.search();
    }
}

此时跑一下测试的testIndex()方法看看效果：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: this FieldType is already frozen and cannot be changed
    at org.apache.lucene.document.FieldType.checkIfFrozen(FieldType.java:86)
    at org.apache.lucene.document.FieldType.setIndexed(FieldType.java:118)
    at com.darren.lucene45.IndexUtil.index(IndexUtil.java:80)
    at com.darren.lucene45.IndexUtilTest.testIndex(IndexUtilTest.java:8)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

竟然报错了，那么怎么办呢，原因是因为预定义的值都调用了freeze()方法，这个方法设置

public void freeze() {  
  this.frozen = true;  
}  

frozen为true，而FieldType中有这样的方法：

private void checkIfFrozen() {  
  if (frozen) {  
    throw new IllegalStateException("this FieldType is already frozen and cannot be changed");  
  }  
}  

如果为true就抛异常，就是这些预定义的值不可修改，那没办法了，我们只好自己设置了，于是放索引方法改为这样：

   /**
     * 建立索引
     */
    public static void index() {
        IndexWriter indexWriter = null;
        try {
            // 1、创建Directory
            Directory directory = FSDirectory.open(new File("F:/test/lucene/index"));

            // 2、创建IndexWriter
            Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_45);
            IndexWriterConfig config = new IndexWriterConfig(Version.LUCENE_45, analyzer);
            indexWriter = new IndexWriter(directory, config);

            int size = ids.length;
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                // 3、创建Document对象
                Document document = new Document();
                // 看看四个参数的意思

                // 4、为Document添加Field
                /**
                 * Create field with String value.
                 * 
                 * @param name
                 *            field name
                 * @param value
                 *            string value
                 * @param type
                 *            field type
                 * @throws IllegalArgumentException
                 *             if either the name or value is null, or if the field's type is neither indexed() nor
                 *             stored(), or if indexed() is false but storeTermVectors() is true.
                 * @throws NullPointerException
                 *             if the type is null
                 * 
                 *             public Field(String name, String value, FieldType type)
                 */

                /**
                 * 注意：这里与3.5版本不同，原来的构造函数已过时
                 */

                /**
                 * 注：这里4.5版本使用FieldType代替了原来的Store和Index，不同的Field预定义了一些FieldType
                 * 
                 */
                // 对ID存储，但是不分词也不存储norms信息
                FieldType idType = new FieldType();
                idType.setStored(true);
                idType.setIndexed(false);
                idType.setOmitNorms(false);
                document.add(new Field("id", ids[i], idType));

                // 对Author存储，但是不分词
                FieldType authorType = new FieldType();
                authorType.setStored(true);
                authorType.setIndexed(false);
                document.add(new Field("author", authors[i], authorType));

                // 对Title存储，分词
                document.add(new Field("title", titles[i], StringField.TYPE_STORED));

                // 对Content不存储，但是分词
                document.add(new Field("content", contents[i], TextField.TYPE_NOT_STORED));

                // 5、通过IndexWriter添加文档到索引中
                indexWriter.addDocument(document);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (indexWriter != null) {
                    indexWriter.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

再跑一下testIndex()方法，没有出错，得到正常的索引，然后跑一下testSearch()方法看看结果：
id : 2
author : Tony
title : Hello Lucene
content : null
此时的content也是null，那么改一改对content的设置：
把这句：// 对Content不存储，但是分词
document.add(new Field("content", contents[i], TextField.TYPE_STORED));
再跑测试，记住线索因在查找，结果为：

id : 2  
author : Tony  
title : Hello Lucene  
content : Today is my first day to study Lucene  

此时得到了和3.5版本一样的测试结果，4.5版本完成
5.0版本：
5.0版本与4.5版本相比没有太大改动，先看一下代码：

package com.darren.lucene50;

import java.nio.file.FileSystems;

import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.document.FieldType;
import org.apache.lucene.document.StringField;
import org.apache.lucene.document.TextField;
import org.apache.lucene.index.DirectoryReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexOptions;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig;
import org.apache.lucene.queryparser.classic.QueryParser;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TopDocs;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;

public class IndexUtil {
    private static final String[] ids = { "1", "2", "3" };
    private static final String[] authors = { "Darren", "Tony", "Grylls" };
    private static final String[] titles = { "Hello World", "Hello Lucene", "Hello Java" };
    private static final String[] contents = { "Hello World, I am on my way", "Today is my first day to study Lucene",
            "I like Java" };

    /**
     * 建立索引
     */
    public static void index() {
        IndexWriter indexWriter = null;
        try {
            // 1、创建Directory
            Directory directory = FSDirectory.open(FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("F:/test/lucene/index"));

            // 2、创建IndexWriter
            Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();
            IndexWriterConfig indexWriterConfig = new IndexWriterConfig(analyzer);
            indexWriter = new IndexWriter(directory, indexWriterConfig);

            int size = ids.length;
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                // 3、创建Document对象
                Document document = new Document();
                // 看看四个参数的意思

                // 4、为Document添加Field
                /**
                 * Create field with String value.
                 * 
                 * @param name
                 *            field name
                 * @param value
                 *            string value
                 * @param type
                 *            field type
                 * @throws IllegalArgumentException
                 *             if either the name or value is null, or if the field's type is neither indexed() nor
                 *             stored(), or if indexed() is false but storeTermVectors() is true.
                 * @throws NullPointerException
                 *             if the type is null
                 * 
                 *             public Field(String name, String value, FieldType type)
                 */

                /**
                 * 注意：这里与3.5版本不同，原来的构造函数已过时
                 */

                /**
                 * 注：这里4.5版本类似使用FieldType代替了原来的Store和Index，不同的是Index变成IndexOptions
                 * 
                 */
                // 对ID存储，但是不分词也不存储norms信息
                FieldType idType = new FieldType();
                idType.setStored(true);
                idType.setIndexOptions(IndexOptions.DOCS);
                idType.setOmitNorms(false);
                document.add(new Field("id", ids[i], idType));

                // 对Author存储，但是不分词
                FieldType authorType = new FieldType();
                authorType.setStored(true);
                authorType.setIndexOptions(IndexOptions.DOCS);
                document.add(new Field("author", authors[i], authorType));

                // 对Title存储，分词
                document.add(new Field("title", titles[i], StringField.TYPE_STORED));

                // 对Content不存储，但是分词
                document.add(new Field("content", contents[i], TextField.TYPE_NOT_STORED));

                // 5、通过IndexWriter添加文档到索引中
                indexWriter.addDocument(document);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (indexWriter != null) {
                    indexWriter.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 搜索
     */
    public static void search() {
        DirectoryReader indexReader = null;
        try {
            // 1、创建Directory
            Directory directory = FSDirectory.open(FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("F:/test/lucene/index"));
            // 2、创建IndexReader
            indexReader = DirectoryReader.open(directory);
            // 3、根据IndexReader创建IndexSearch
            IndexSearcher indexSearcher = new IndexSearcher(indexReader);
            // 4、创建搜索的Query
            // 使用默认的标准分词器
            Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();

            // 在content中搜索Lucene
            // 创建parser来确定要搜索文件的内容，第二个参数为搜索的域
            QueryParser queryParser = new QueryParser("content", analyzer);
            // 创建Query表示搜索域为content包含Lucene的文档
            Query query = queryParser.parse("Lucene");

            // 5、根据searcher搜索并且返回TopDocs
            TopDocs topDocs = indexSearcher.search(query, 10);
            // 6、根据TopDocs获取ScoreDoc对象
            ScoreDoc[] scoreDocs = topDocs.scoreDocs;
            for (ScoreDoc scoreDoc : scoreDocs) {
                // 7、根据searcher和ScoreDoc对象获取具体的Document对象
                Document document = indexSearcher.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
                // 8、根据Document对象获取需要的值
                System.out.println("id : " + document.get("id"));
                System.out.println("author : " + document.get("author"));
                System.out.println("title : " + document.get("title"));
                /**
                 * 看看content能不能打印出来，为什么？
                 */
                System.out.println("content : " + document.get("content"));
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (indexReader != null) {
                    indexReader.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }
}

FieldType的使用稍有不同，没有了Index而使用IndexOptions代替，现在TextField中预定义的值是这样的：

  /** Indexed, tokenized, not stored. */
  public static final FieldType TYPE_NOT_STORED = new FieldType();

  /** Indexed, tokenized, stored. */
  public static final FieldType TYPE_STORED = new FieldType();

  static {
    TYPE_NOT_STORED.setIndexOptions(IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS_AND_POSITIONS);
    TYPE_NOT_STORED.setTokenized(true);
    TYPE_NOT_STORED.freeze();

    TYPE_STORED.setIndexOptions(IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS_AND_POSITIONS);
    TYPE_STORED.setTokenized(true);
    TYPE_STORED.setStored(true);
    TYPE_STORED.freeze();
  }

我们来看看IndexOptions与Index有什么不同：

/**
 * Controls how much information is stored in the postings lists.
 * @lucene.experimental
 */

public enum IndexOptions { 
  // NOTE: order is important here; FieldInfo uses this
  // order to merge two conflicting IndexOptions (always
  // "downgrades" by picking the lowest).
  /** Not indexed */
  NONE,
  /** 
   * Only documents are indexed: term frequencies and positions are omitted.
   * Phrase and other positional queries on the field will throw an exception, and scoring
   * will behave as if any term in the document appears only once.
   */
  DOCS,
  /** 
   * Only documents and term frequencies are indexed: positions are omitted. 
   * This enables normal scoring, except Phrase and other positional queries
   * will throw an exception.
   */  
  DOCS_AND_FREQS,
  /** 
   * Indexes documents, frequencies and positions.
   * This is a typical default for full-text search: full scoring is enabled
   * and positional queries are supported.
   */
  DOCS_AND_FREQS_AND_POSITIONS,
  /** 
   * Indexes documents, frequencies, positions and offsets.
   * Character offsets are encoded alongside the positions. 
   */
  DOCS_AND_FREQS_AND_POSITIONS_AND_OFFSETS,
}

从它的选项看似乎是多了几个功能，可以对词的频率索引、位置索引、甚至偏移量索引，这是之前版本所没有的。其他方面和4.5版本基本一样。