关于SQLServer2005的学习笔记——生日问题

生日问题是个看似简单逻辑上却又比较复杂的小问题

主要的逻辑难点第一个是关于闰月尾天的计算，第二个是判断本年度生日是否已过

本文给出了三种解决办法，

第一种是最常用的解决办法，即常用的 SQL 语法，不过看起来比较复杂，适合环境为 SQLServer2000 以上

第二种是采用函数的方法，把对日期的逻辑处理放到函数中，调用起来会简约一下，适合环境为 SQLServer2000 以上

第三种是采用 CTE 的方法，用 CTE 来封装判断逻辑，适合环境为 SQLServer2005 以上

-- 创建表和数据 CREATE TABLE employees (   name     VARCHAR(50),   birthday DATETIME ) INSERT INTO employees VALUES('WBQ','1948-12-08'); INSERT INTO employees VALUES('CZH','1952-02-19'); INSERT INTO employees VALUES('LB','1963-08-30'); INSERT INTO employees VALUES('YLL','1937-09-19'); INSERT INTO employees VALUES('YGQ','1955-03-04'); INSERT INTO employees VALUES('CHH','1963-07-02'); INSERT INTO employees VALUES('SWG','1960-05-29'); INSERT INTO employees VALUES('HW','1958-01-01'); INSERT INTO employees VALUES('YY','1972-02-29'); INSERT INTO employees VALUES('LM','1999-02-08'); INSERT INTO employees VALUES('ZY','1972-06-09'); INSERT INTO employees VALUES('WZH','1999-02-28'); SELECT name,birthday FROM employees

 

-- 普通的 SQL 实现 SELECT   name,   birthday,   GETDATE() getdate,   CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),GETDATE(),120) todayVarchar,   CONVERT(DATETIME,CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),GETDATE(),120)) todayDateTime,   DATEDIFF(YY,birthday,GETDATE()) DateBetween,   DATEADD(YY,DATEDIFF(YY,birthday,GETDATE()),birthday) ThisBirthday,   DATEADD(YY,DATEDIFF(YY,birthday,GETDATE())+1,birthday) NextBirthday,   CASE WHEN CONVERT(DATETIME,CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),GETDATE(),120))>DATEADD(YY,DATEDIFF(YY,birthday,GETDATE()),birthday)        THEN DATEADD(YY,DATEDIFF(YY,birthday,GETDATE())+1,birthday)        ELSE DATEADD(YY,DATEDIFF(YY,birthday,GETDATE()),birthday)   END newBirthdayStandard,   CASE WHEN CONVERT(DATETIME,CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),GETDATE(),120))>DATEADD(YY,DATEDIFF(YY,birthday,GETDATE()),birthday)               THEN DATEADD(YY,DATEDIFF(YY,birthday,GETDATE())+1,birthday)+             CASE WHEN DAY(birthday)=29 AND DAY(DATEADD(YY,DATEDIFF(YY,birthday,GETDATE())+1,birthday))=28 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END        ELSE DATEADD(YY,DATEDIFF(YY,birthday,GETDATE()),birthday) +             CASE WHEN DAY(birthday)=29 AND DAY(DATEADD(YY,DATEDIFF(YY,birthday,GETDATE()),birthday))=28 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END   END newBirthdayForeign  FROM employees

 

-- 使用函数来实现 CREATE FUNCTION GetBirthday(@birthday DATETIME,@flag INT) RETURNS DATETIME AS BEGIN   DECLARE @BirthdayRet DATETIME,@BirthdayThis DATETIME,@BirthdayNext DATETIME,@today DATETIME,@dateBetween INT   SET @today=CONVERT(DATETIME,CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),GETDATE(),120))   SET @dateBetween=DATEDIFF(YY,@birthday,GETDATE())   SET @BirthdayThis=DATEADD(YY,@DateBetween,@birthday)       SET @BirthdayNext=DATEADD(YY,@DateBetween+1,@birthday)   IF @flag=1 --2 月 29 日的生日计算为 2 月 28 日   BEGIN     IF @today>@BirthdayThis        SET @BirthdayRet=@BirthdayNext     ELSE        SET @BirthdayRet=@BirthdayThis   END   ELSE       --2 月 29 日的生日计算为 3 月 1 日   BEGIN     IF @today>@BirthdayThis             IF DAY(@birthday)=29 AND DAY(@BirthdayNext)=28           SET @BirthdayRet=@BirthdayNext+1        ELSE           SET @BirthdayRet=@BirthdayNext     ELSE             IF DAY(@birthday)=29 AND DAY(@BirthdayThis)=28           SET @BirthdayRet=@BirthdayThis+1        ELSE           SET @BirthdayRet=@BirthdayThis  END       RETURN @BirthdayRet END   SELECT name,birthday,dbo.GetBirthday(birthday,0),dbo.GetBirthday(birthday,1) FROM employees

 

-- 通过 CTE 来实现 WITH DateBetween AS (   SELECT       name,      birthday,     GETDATE() getdate,     CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),GETDATE(),120) todayVarchar,     CONVERT(DATETIME,CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),GETDATE(),120)) todayDateTime,     DATEDIFF(YY,birthday,GETDATE()) DateBetween   FROM employees ), DateBirthdayThisAndNext AS (   SELECT     name,birthday,getdate,todaydatetime,datebetween,     DATEADD(YY,DateBetween,birthday) AS DateCur,     DATEADD(YY,DateBetween+1,birthday) AS DateNext   FROM DateBetween ), DateBirthdayThisAndNextForeign AS (   SELECT     name,birthday,todaydatetime,     DateCur,DateNext,     DateCur+CASE WHEN DAY(birthday)=29 AND DAY(DateCur)=28 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS DateCurForeign,     DateNext+CASE WHEN DAY(birthday)=29 AND DAY(DateNext)=28 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS DateNextForeign   FROM DateBirthdayThisAndNext ), DateBirthday AS (   SELECT     name,birthday,     CASE WHEN DateCurForeign>=todaydatetime THEN DateCurForeign ELSE DateNextForeign END AS birthDayForeign,     CASE WHEN DateCur>=todaydatetime THEN DateCur ELSE DateNext END AS birthDayStandard   FROM DateBirthdayThisAndNextForeign ) SELECT name,birthday,birthDayForeign,birthDayStandard FROM DateBirthday