什么是Service
A Service is an application component that can perform long-running operations in the background and does not provide a user interface.
Service和Thread
Service:耗时操作且不需要用户交互Thread:用户需要和应用程序进行交互
使用Service的方式
startService():调用者和服务之间没有联系,即使调用者退出了,服务仍然进行 [onCreate()-->onStartCommand()-->startService()-onDestory()]
bindService():调用者和服务绑在一起,调用者一旦退出服务也就终止[onCreate()-->onBind()-->onUnbind()-->onDestory()]
通过startService()使用Service
1.编写类继承Service或其子类
2.复写方法:onStartCommand() onBind() onCreate() onDestroy()
3.在manifest文件中声服务<service android:name=".Service" />
4.启动服务
5.关闭服务
三个常量
START_STICKY:当服务进行在运行时被杀死,系统将会把它值为started状态,但是并不保存其传递的Intent对象
START_NOT_STICKY:当服务进行在运行时被杀死,并且没有新的Intent对象传递过来,统将会把它值为started状态,但是并不会再次创建进程,直到startService(Intent)方法被调用。
START_REDELIVER_INTENT:当服务进行在运行时被杀死,它将会间隔一段时间后重新被创建,并且最后一个传递的Intent对象将会再次传递过来。
例子
1.布局文件为两个按钮
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello_world" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnStartService"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Start Service"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnStopService"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Stop Service"
/>
</LinearLayout>
2.继承Service写自己的服务类
package com.sl.servicedemo;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
public class ExampleService extends Service
{
private static final String TAG="ExampleService";
@Override
public void onCreate()
{
Log.i(TAG, "ExampleService-->onCreate");
super.onCreate();
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId)
{
Log.i(TAG, "ExampleService-->onStart");
super.onStart(intent, startId);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy()
{
Log.i(TAG, "ExampleService-->onDestroy");
super.onDestroy();
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId)
{
Log.i(TAG, "ExampleService-->onStartCommand");
return START_NOT_STICKY;
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent)
{
return null;
}
}
3.主程序中调用服务类
package com.sl.servicedemo;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
private Button btnStartService;
private Button btnStopService;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
btnStartService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnStartService);
btnStopService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnStopService);
btnStartService.setOnClickListener(listener);
btnStopService.setOnClickListener(listener);
}
private OnClickListener listener=new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this, ExampleService.class);
switch (v.getId())
{
case R.id.btnStartService:
startService(intent);
break;
case R.id.btnStopService:
stopService(intent);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
};
}
4.在AndroidManifest中声明
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.sl.servicedemo"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="18" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.sl.servicedemo.MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<service android:name=".ExampleService" />
</application>
</manifest>
通过bindService()使用Service
什么是Bound Services
Bound service 允许其它的组件(比如Activities)绑定到这个Service上,可以发送请求,也可以接受请求,甚至进行进程间的通话。Bound service 仅仅在服务于其它组件时存在,不能独自无限期的在后台运行。
创建Bound Services
当创建一个能提供绑定功能的服务时,我们必须提供一个IBinder对象,客户端能使用这个对象与服务进行交互。在Android中有三种方式定义方式:
1.扩展Binder类
2.使用Messenger
3.使用AIDL (Android Interface Definition Language)
通过扩展Binder类创建创建Bound Services
步骤:
a.在Service类中,创建一个Binder实例,包含客户端能调用的公共方法,返回当前服务对象
b.在onBind()方法中返回Binder实例
c.在客户端,从onServiceConnected()方法中获得Binder实例
例子
1.布局文件为两个按钮
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnStartBinderService"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Start BinderService"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnStopBinderService"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Stop BinderService"
/>
</LinearLayout>
2.继承Service写自己的服务类
package com.sl.servicedemo;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
public class BinderService extends Service
{
private static final String TAG = "BinderService";
private MyBinder binder =new MyBinder();
public class MyBinder extends Binder
{
public BinderService getService()
{
return BinderService.this;
}
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent)
{
return binder;
}
public void MyMethod()
{
Log.i(TAG, "MyMethod()");
}
}
3.主程序中调用服务类
package com.sl.servicedemo;
import com.sl.servicedemo.BinderService.MyBinder;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class BinderActivity extends Activity
{
private Button btnStartBinderService;
private Button btnStopBinderService;
private Boolean isConnected = false;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.binder);
btnStartBinderService=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnStartBinderService);
btnStopBinderService=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnStopBinderService);
btnStartBinderService.setOnClickListener(listener);
btnStopBinderService.setOnClickListener(listener);
}
private OnClickListener listener=new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
switch (v.getId())
{
case R.id.btnStartBinderService:
bindService();
break;
case R.id.btnStopBinderService:
unBind();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
};
private void unBind()
{
if (isConnected)
{
unbindService(conn);
}
}
private void bindService()
{
Intent intent=new Intent(BinderActivity.this, BinderService.class);
bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
private ServiceConnection conn=new ServiceConnection()
{
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name)
{
isConnected=false;
}
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder)
{
MyBinder myBinder= (MyBinder)binder;
BinderService service=myBinder.getService();
service.MyMethod();
isConnected=true;
}
};
}
4.在AndroidManifest中声明
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.sl.servicedemo"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="18" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.sl.servicedemo.BinderActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<service android:name=".BinderService" />
</application>
</manifest>
IntentService使用
IntentService是Service类的子类,用来处理异步请求,不能同时处理多个请求。客户端通过startService(Intent)方法传递请求给IntentService,IntentService通过worker thread处理每个Intent对象,执行完所有工作后自动停止Service。
步骤:
1.写构造方法
2.复写onHandleIntent()方法
IntentService执行如下操作
创建一个与应用程序主线程分开worker thread用来处理所有通过传递过来的Intent请求创建一个work queue,一次只传递一个intent到onHandleIntent()方法中,从而不用担心多线程带来的问题
当处理完所有请求后自动停止服务,而不需要我们自己调用stopSelf()方法
默认实现了onBind()方法,返回值为null
默认实现了onStartCommand()方法,这个方法将会把我们的intent放到work queue中,然后在onHandleIntent()中执行。
例子
1.布局文件为两个按钮
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnStartNormalService"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Start NormalService"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnStartIntentService"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Start IntentService"
/>
</LinearLayout>
2.继承Service写自己的服务类
package com.sl.servicedemo;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
public class MyService extends Service
{
protected static final String TAG = "IntentActivity";
@Override
public void onCreate()
{
super.onCreate();
}
@Override
public void onDestroy()
{
super.onDestroy();
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId)
{
// try
// {
// Log.i(TAG, "MyService线程ID:"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
// Log.i(TAG, "文件下载....");
// Thread.sleep(2000);
// } catch (InterruptedException e)
// {
// e.printStackTrace();
// }
new MyThread().start();
return START_STICKY;
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent)
{
return null;
}
private class MyThread extends Thread
{
@Override
public void run()
{
try
{
Log.i(TAG, "MyService线程ID:"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
Log.i(TAG, "文件下载....");
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
3.继承IntentService写自己的服务类
package com.sl.servicedemo;
import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
public class ExampleIntentService extends IntentService
{
protected static final String TAG = "IntentActivity";
public ExampleIntentService()
{
super("ExampleIntentService");
}
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent)
{
try
{
Log.i(TAG, "MyService线程ID:"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
Log.i(TAG, "文件下载....");
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4.主程序中调用服务类
package com.sl.servicedemo;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class IntentActivity extends Activity
{
protected static final String TAG = "IntentActivity";
private Button btnStartNormalService;
private Button btnStartIntentService;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.intent);
btnStartNormalService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnStartNormalService);
btnStartIntentService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnStartIntentService);
btnStartNormalService.setOnClickListener(listener);
btnStartIntentService.setOnClickListener(listener);
}
private OnClickListener listener=new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
Intent intent;
switch (v.getId())
{
case R.id.btnStartNormalService:
intent=new Intent(IntentActivity.this, MyService.class);
Log.i(TAG, "主线程ID:"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
startService(intent);
break;
case R.id.btnStartIntentService:
intent=new Intent(IntentActivity.this, ExampleIntentService.class);
Log.i(TAG, "主线程ID:"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
startService(intent);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
};
}
5.在AndroidManifest中声明
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.sl.servicedemo"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="18" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.sl.servicedemo.IntentActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<service android:name=".MyService"/>
<service android:name=".ExampleIntentService"/>
</application>
</manifest>
好了,这里只是简单地使用了Service,以后我们可以根据需要再深入了解学习!