Android之Service学习

什么是Service

A Service  is an application component that can perform long-running operations in the background and does not provide a user interface.

Service和Thread

Service:耗时操作且不需要用户交互
Thread:用户需要和应用程序进行交互

使用Service的方式

startService():调用者和服务之间没有联系,即使调用者退出了,服务仍然进行 [onCreate()-->onStartCommand()-->startService()-onDestory()]

bindService():调用者和服务绑在一起,调用者一旦退出服务也就终止[onCreate()-->onBind()-->onUnbind()-->onDestory()]

通过startService()使用Service

1.编写类继承Service或其子类

2.复写方法:onStartCommand() onBind() onCreate() onDestroy()

3.在manifest文件中声服务<service android:name=".Service" />

4.启动服务

5.关闭服务

三个常量

START_STICKY:当服务进行在运行时被杀死,系统将会把它值为started状态,但是并不保存其传递的Intent对象
START_NOT_STICKY:当服务进行在运行时被杀死,并且没有新的Intent对象传递过来,统将会把它值为started状态,但是并不会再次创建进程,直到startService(Intent)方法被调用。
START_REDELIVER_INTENT:当服务进行在运行时被杀死,它将会间隔一段时间后重新被创建,并且最后一个传递的Intent对象将会再次传递过来。

例子

1.布局文件为两个按钮

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/hello_world" />
    
    <Button
		android:id="@+id/btnStartService"
		android:layout_width="match_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:text="Start Service"
		/>
	<Button
		android:id="@+id/btnStopService"
		android:layout_width="match_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:text="Stop Service"
		/>

</LinearLayout>
2.继承Service写自己的服务类

package com.sl.servicedemo;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

public class ExampleService extends Service 
{
	private static final String TAG="ExampleService";

	@Override
	public void onCreate()
	{
		Log.i(TAG, "ExampleService-->onCreate");
		super.onCreate();
	}

	@Override
	public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId)
	{
		Log.i(TAG, "ExampleService-->onStart");
		super.onStart(intent, startId);
	}

	@Override
	public void onDestroy()
	{
		Log.i(TAG, "ExampleService-->onDestroy");
		super.onDestroy();
	}

	@Override
	public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId)
	{
		Log.i(TAG, "ExampleService-->onStartCommand");
		return START_NOT_STICKY;
	}
	
	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) 
	{
		return null;
	}

}
3.主程序中调用服务类

package com.sl.servicedemo;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;

public class MainActivity extends Activity 
{
	private Button btnStartService;
	private Button btnStopService;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		
		btnStartService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnStartService);
		btnStopService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnStopService);
		btnStartService.setOnClickListener(listener);
		btnStopService.setOnClickListener(listener);
	}
	
	private OnClickListener listener=new OnClickListener()
	{
		
		@Override
		public void onClick(View v)
		{
			Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this, ExampleService.class);
			switch (v.getId())
			{
			case R.id.btnStartService:
				startService(intent);
				break;
			case R.id.btnStopService:
				stopService(intent);
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}
			
		}
	};
}
4.在AndroidManifest中声明

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.sl.servicedemo"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="18" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.sl.servicedemo.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <service android:name=".ExampleService" />
        
    </application>

</manifest>


通过bindService()使用Service

什么是Bound Services

Bound service 允许其它的组件(比如Activities)绑定到这个Service上,可以发送请求,也可以接受请求,甚至进行进程间的通话。Bound service 仅仅在服务于其它组件时存在,不能独自无限期的在后台运行。

创建Bound Services

当创建一个能提供绑定功能的服务时,我们必须提供一个IBinder对象,客户端能使用这个对象与服务进行交互。在Android中有三种方式定义方式:
1.扩展Binder类
2.使用Messenger
3.使用AIDL (Android Interface Definition Language)

通过扩展Binder类创建创建Bound Services

步骤:
a.在Service类中,创建一个Binder实例,包含客户端能调用的公共方法,返回当前服务对象
b.在onBind()方法中返回Binder实例
c.在客户端,从onServiceConnected()方法中获得Binder实例

例子

1.布局文件为两个按钮

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
	<Button
		android:id="@+id/btnStartBinderService"
		android:layout_width="match_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:text="Start BinderService"
		/>
	<Button
		android:id="@+id/btnStopBinderService"
		android:layout_width="match_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:text="Stop BinderService"
		/>
</LinearLayout>

2.继承Service写自己的服务类

package com.sl.servicedemo;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

public class BinderService extends Service
{
	private static final String TAG = "BinderService";
	private MyBinder binder =new MyBinder();
	
	public class MyBinder extends Binder
	{
		public BinderService getService()
		{
			return BinderService.this;
		}
	}
	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent intent)
	{
		return binder;
	}
	
	public void MyMethod()
	{
		Log.i(TAG, "MyMethod()");
	}

}

3.主程序中调用服务类

package com.sl.servicedemo;

import com.sl.servicedemo.BinderService.MyBinder;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;

public class BinderActivity extends Activity
{
	private Button btnStartBinderService;
	private Button btnStopBinderService;
	
	private Boolean isConnected = false;
	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
	{
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.binder);
		btnStartBinderService=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnStartBinderService);
		btnStopBinderService=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnStopBinderService);
		btnStartBinderService.setOnClickListener(listener);
		btnStopBinderService.setOnClickListener(listener);
	}
	
	private OnClickListener listener=new OnClickListener()
	{
		@Override
		public void onClick(View v)
		{
			switch (v.getId())
			{
			case R.id.btnStartBinderService:
				bindService();
				break;
			case R.id.btnStopBinderService:
				unBind();
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}
		}

	};
	
	private void unBind()
	{
		if (isConnected)
		{
			unbindService(conn);
		}
	}

	private void bindService()
	{
		Intent intent=new Intent(BinderActivity.this, BinderService.class);
		bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
	}
	
	private ServiceConnection conn=new ServiceConnection()
	{
		@Override
		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name)
		{
			isConnected=false;
		}
		
		@Override
		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder)
		{
			MyBinder myBinder= (MyBinder)binder;
			BinderService service=myBinder.getService();
			service.MyMethod();
			isConnected=true;
			
		}
	};
}
4.在AndroidManifest中声明

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.sl.servicedemo"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="18" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.sl.servicedemo.BinderActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        
        <service android:name=".BinderService" />
        
    </application>

</manifest>


IntentService使用

IntentService是Service类的子类,用来处理异步请求,不能同时处理多个请求。客户端通过startService(Intent)方法传递请求给IntentService,IntentService通过worker thread处理每个Intent对象,执行完所有工作后自动停止Service。 

步骤:

1.写构造方法
2.复写onHandleIntent()方法

IntentService执行如下操作 

创建一个与应用程序主线程分开worker thread用来处理所有通过传递过来的Intent请求
创建一个work queue,一次只传递一个intent到onHandleIntent()方法中,从而不用担心多线程带来的问题
当处理完所有请求后自动停止服务,而不需要我们自己调用stopSelf()方法
默认实现了onBind()方法,返回值为null
默认实现了onStartCommand()方法,这个方法将会把我们的intent放到work queue中,然后在onHandleIntent()中执行。

例子

1.布局文件为两个按钮

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
	<Button
		android:id="@+id/btnStartNormalService"
		android:layout_width="match_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:text="Start NormalService"
		/>
	<Button
		android:id="@+id/btnStartIntentService"
		android:layout_width="match_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:text="Start IntentService"
		/>
</LinearLayout>

2.继承Service写自己的服务类

package com.sl.servicedemo;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

public class MyService extends Service
{
	protected static final String TAG = "IntentActivity";
	@Override
	public void onCreate()
	{
		super.onCreate();
	}

	@Override
	public void onDestroy()
	{
		super.onDestroy();
	}

	@Override
	public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId)
	{
//		try
//		{
//			Log.i(TAG, "MyService线程ID:"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
//			Log.i(TAG, "文件下载....");
//			Thread.sleep(2000);
//		} catch (InterruptedException e)
//		{
//			e.printStackTrace();
//		}
		
		new MyThread().start();
		return START_STICKY;
	}

	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent intent)
	{
		return null;
	}
	
	private class MyThread extends Thread
	{

		@Override
		public void run()
		{
			try
			{
				Log.i(TAG, "MyService线程ID:"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
				Log.i(TAG, "文件下载....");
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e)
			{
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}
3.继承IntentService写自己的服务类

package com.sl.servicedemo;

import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;

public class ExampleIntentService extends IntentService
{
	protected static final String TAG = "IntentActivity";
	
	public ExampleIntentService()
	{
		super("ExampleIntentService");
	}

	@Override
	protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent)
	{
		try
		{
			Log.i(TAG, "MyService线程ID:"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
			Log.i(TAG, "文件下载....");
			Thread.sleep(2000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

4.主程序中调用服务类

package com.sl.servicedemo;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;

public class IntentActivity extends Activity
{
	protected static final String TAG = "IntentActivity";
	
	private Button btnStartNormalService;
	private Button btnStartIntentService;
	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
	{
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.intent);
		btnStartNormalService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnStartNormalService);
		btnStartIntentService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnStartIntentService);
		btnStartNormalService.setOnClickListener(listener);
		btnStartIntentService.setOnClickListener(listener);
	}
	
	private OnClickListener listener=new OnClickListener()
	{
		
		@Override
		public void onClick(View v)
		{
			Intent intent;
			switch (v.getId())
			{
			case R.id.btnStartNormalService:
				intent=new Intent(IntentActivity.this, MyService.class);
				Log.i(TAG, "主线程ID:"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
				startService(intent);
				break;
			case R.id.btnStartIntentService:
				intent=new Intent(IntentActivity.this, ExampleIntentService.class);
				Log.i(TAG, "主线程ID:"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
				startService(intent);
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}
		}
	};
}

5.在AndroidManifest中声明

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.sl.servicedemo"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="18" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.sl.servicedemo.IntentActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
		<service android:name=".MyService"/>
		<service android:name=".ExampleIntentService"/>
        
    </application>

</manifest>

好了,这里只是简单地使用了Service,以后我们可以根据需要再深入了解学习!


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