1 函数返回值声明为该类型引用,并在函数结束前返回实例自身引用即(*this) ,只有返回引用才能进行连续赋值
2 传入参数类型为常量引用,若果传递是实例,会调用一次复制构造函数,减少消耗,提高效率,加上const不会改变传入实例值
3 释放实例本身已有内存,避免造成内存泄露
4 判断传入实例和当前实例是否相同,相同返回,否则直接进行赋值,一旦释放自身内存,传入参数内存也被释放了
具体示例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
class CMyString
{
public:
//默认值为空
CMyString(char* pData = NULL);
//声明拷贝构造函数
CMyString(const CMyString& str);
~CMyString(void);
//重载=号
CMyString& operator = (const CMyString& str);
void Print();
private:
char* m_pData;
};
//定义时没有默认值
CMyString::CMyString(char *pData)
{
if(pData == NULL)
{
m_pData = new char[1];
m_pData[0] = '\0';
}
else
{
int length = strlen(pData);
m_pData = new char[length + 1];
strcpy(m_pData, pData);
}
}
CMyString::CMyString(const CMyString &str)
{
int length = strlen(str.m_pData);
m_pData = new char[length + 1];
strcpy(m_pData, str.m_pData);
}
CMyString::~CMyString()
{
delete[] m_pData;
}
//注意传递参数类型和返回值类型
CMyString& CMyString::operator = (const CMyString& str)
{ //判断是否值同一个示例
if(this == &str)
return *this;
//删除原有示例,避免内存泄露
delete []m_pData;
m_pData = NULL;
m_pData = new char[strlen(str.m_pData) + 1];
strcpy(m_pData, str.m_pData);
return *this;
}
// ====================测试代码====================
void CMyString::Print()
{
printf("%s", m_pData);
}
void Test1()
{
printf("Test1 begins:\n");
char* text = "Hello world";
CMyString str1(text);
CMyString str2;
str2 = str1;
printf("The expected result is: %s.\n", text);
printf("The actual result is: ");
str2.Print();
printf(".\n");
}
// 赋值给自己
void Test2()
{
printf("Test2 begins:\n");
char* text = "Hello world";
CMyString str1(text);
str1 = str1;
printf("The expected result is: %s.\n", text);
printf("The actual result is: ");
str1.Print();
printf(".\n");
}
// 连续赋值
void Test3()
{
printf("Test3 begins:\n");
char* text = "Hello world";
CMyString str1(text);
CMyString str2, str3;
str3 = str2 = str1;
printf("The expected result is: %s.\n", text);
printf("The actual result is: ");
str2.Print();
printf(".\n");
printf("The expected result is: %s.\n", text);
printf("The actual result is: ");
str3.Print();
printf(".\n");
}
int main()
{
Test1();
Test2();
Test3();
return 0;
}
运行结果: