232.Implement Queue using Stacks（Stack-Easy）

用Stack实现Queue

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本文介绍了一种使用两个栈(Stack)来模拟队列(Queue)的方法。通过分别定义输入栈和输出栈，使得能够实现队列的基本操作：push、pop、peek及empty。此方法巧妙地利用了栈的特性，实现了队列的先进先出(FIFO)原则。

转载请注明作者和出处：http://blog.csdn.net/c406495762

Implement the following operations of a queue using stacks.

push(x) – Push element x to the back of queue.
pop() – Removes the element from in front of queue.
peek() – Get the front element.
empty() – Return whether the queue is empty.

Notes:

You must use only standard operations of a stack – which means only push to top, peek/pop from top, size, and is empty operations are valid.
Depending on your language, stack may not be supported natively. You may simulate a stack by using a list or deque (double-ended queue), as long as you use only standard operations of a stack.
You may assume that all operations are valid (for example, no pop or peek operations will be called on an empty queue).

题目： 用Stacks实现Queue。

思路： Queue是先进先出FIFO，Stack是先进后出FILO。使用Stack模拟实现Queue的功能，可以使用两个Stack，一个进行入Stack操作，一个进行出Stack操作。这两个Stack中的元素位置是颠倒的。比如，一个元素在第一个Stack位于Stack头，那么这个元素在另一个Stack则位于Stack尾。

Language : cpp

class MyQueue {
public:

    stack<int> input, output;
    /** Push element x to the back of queue. */
    void push(int x) {
        input.push(x);
    }
    /** Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element. */
    int pop() {
        int a = peek();
        output.pop();
        return a;
    }

    /** Get the front element. */
    int peek() {
        if(output.empty()){
            while(input.size()){
                output.push(input.top());
                input.pop();
            }
        }
        return output.top();
    }

    /** Returns whether the queue is empty. */
    bool empty() {
        return input.empty() && output.empty();
    }
};

/**
 * Your MyQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyQueue obj = new MyQueue();
 * obj.push(x);
 * int param_2 = obj.pop();
 * int param_3 = obj.peek();
 * bool param_4 = obj.empty();
 */