python制作安装包

python的第三方模块越来越丰富，涉及的领域也非常广，如科学计算、图片处理、web应用、GUI开发等。当然也可以将自己写的模块进行打包或发布。一简单的方法是将你的类包直接copy到python的lib目录，但此方式不便于管理与维护，存在多个python版本时会非常混乱。现介绍如何编写setup.py来对一个简单的python模块进行打包。

一、编写模块
进入项目目录
#cd /home/pysetup
#vi foo.py
class MyClass():      def __init__(self):          self.blog = "http://blog.liuts.com"      def printblog(self):          print self.blog      def printBblog(self):          print self.blog.swapcase()
二、编写setup.py
#vi setup.py
from distutils.core import setup setup(name='Myblog',        version='1.0',        description='My Blog Distribution Utilities',        author='Liu tiansi',        author_email='liutiansi@gmail.com',        url='http://blog.liuts.com',        py_modules=['foo'],      )
更多参数说明见表：

三、setup.py参数说明

#python setup.py build     # 编译
#python setup.py install     #安装
#python setup.py sdist       #生成压缩包(zip/tar.gz)
#python setup.py bdist_wininst   #生成NT平台安装包(.exe)
#python setup.py bdist_rpm #生成rpm包

或者直接"bdist 包格式"，格式如下：
 
#python setup.py bdist --help-formats
   --formats=rpm       RPM distribution
   --formats=gztar     gzip'ed tar file
   --formats=bztar     bzip2'ed tar file
   --formats=ztar     compressed tar file
   --formats=tar       tar file
   --formats=wininst   Windows executable installer
   --formats=zip       ZIP file

四、打包
#python setup.py sdist
 
running sdist

warning: sdist: manifest template 'MANIFEST.in' does not exist (using default file list)
warning: sdist: standard file not found: should have one of README, README.txt

writing manifest file 'MANIFEST'
creating Myblog-1.0
making hard links in Myblog-1.0...
hard linking foo.py -> Myblog-1.0
hard linking setup.py -> Myblog-1.0
creating dist
tar -cf dist/Myblog-1.0.tar Myblog-1.0
gzip -f9 dist/Myblog-1.0.tar
removing 'Myblog-1.0' (and everything under it)

提示两条warning可以忽略，不影响打包，当然一个完善的项目必须有README及MANIFEST.in(项目文件清单)文件。
#ls dist

Myblog-1.0.tar.gz

五、安装
#tar -zxvf Myblog-1.0.tar.gz
#cd Myblog-1.0.tar.gz
#python setup.py install (此命令大家再熟悉不过了)
 
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6
copying foo.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6
running install_lib
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/foo.py -> /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/foo.py to foo.pyc
running install_egg_info
Writing /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/Myblog-1.0.egg-info

六、测试

>>> from foo import MyClass
>>> app=MyClass()
>>> app.print printblog()
>>> app.printblog()
http://blog.liuts.com
>>> app.printBblog()
HTTP://BLOG.LIUTS.COM
>>>