ubuntu下.deb包安装

How do I install a .deb file via the command line?

up vote 729 down vote favorite 258	How do I install a .deb file via the command line? command-line  software-installation share improve this question edited Jul 4 '14 at 10:55 Braiam 40.9k 16 99 160 asked  May 6 '11 at 17:40 TheXed 10.6k 13 47 83
	2   Find better: steptoinstall.com/… –  KarSho  Dec 7 '15 at 12:48  add a comment

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up vote 806 down vote accepted

Packages are manually installed via the dpkg command (Debian Package Management System). dpkg is the backend to commands like apt-get and aptitude, which in turn are the backend for GUI install apps like the Software Center and Synaptic. Something along the lines of: dpkg --> apt-get, aptitude --> Synaptic, Software Center But of course the easiest ways to install a package would be, first, the GUI apps (Synaptic, Software Center, etc..), followed by the terminal commands apt-get and aptitude that add a very nice user friendly approach to the backend dpkg, including but not limited to packaged dependencies, control over what is installed, needs update, not installed, broken packages, etc.. Lastly the dpkg command which is the base for all of them. Since dpkg is the base, you can use it to install packaged directly from the command line. Install a package sudo dpkg -i DEB_PACKAGE For example if the package file is called askubuntu_2.0.deb then you should do sudo dpkg -i askubuntu_2.0.deb. If dpkg reports an error due to dependency problems, you can run sudo apt-get install -f to download the missing dependencies and configure everything. If that reports an error, you'll have to sort out the dependencies yourself by following for example How do I resolve unmet dependencies after adding a PPA?. Remove a package sudo dpkg -r PACKAGE_NAME For example if the package is called askubuntu then you should do sudo dpkg -r askubuntu. Reconfigure an existing package sudo dpkg-reconfigure PACKAGE_NAME This is useful when you need to reconfigure something related to said package. Some useful examples it the keyboard-configuration when you want to enable the Ctrl+Alt+Backspace in order to reset the X server, so you would the following: sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration Another great one is when you need to set the Timezone for a server or your local testing computer, so you use use the tzdata package: sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata share improve this answer edited Dec 24 '16 at 7:29 muru 79.8k 13 151 212 answered  May 6 '11 at 17:43 Luis Alvarado ♦ 114k 115 417 596

2   Great info, had to find some way to install traceroute to help debug why my machine won't connect to the internet :) –  Jason  Nov 20 '13 at 15:01 13   Also helpful to note that once installed programs are usually found in /usr/bin, named after what was depackaged. –  Chris Moschini  Mar 31 '14 at 9:10 If I run sudo apt-get install texlive-latex-base, it has failed for months with "Hash Sum mismatch". I can download the .deb file fromhttp://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/texlive-base‌​/texlive-latex-base-‌​doc_2015.20150625-1u‌​buntu1_all.deb. If I install it using dpkg, would it subsequently be recognised (and updated) by apt-get. –  user643722  Jan 19 '16 at 17:05 Hi @user643722 I was going to recommend deleting the cached version of that package but here you have an answer for the issue askubuntu.com/questions/41605/… –  Luis Alvarado♦  Jan 20 '16 at 3:05 add a comment

up vote 117 down vote

Debian (.deb) packages are the packages that are used in Ubuntu. You can install any .deb package in your system. .deb files can generally be installed from your file manager (Nautilus) merely by clicking on them, since file associations with the default installer is already set in Ubuntu. These instructions are for those who wish to install packages from the command-line terminal (Terminal). To install a downloaded Debian (Ubuntu) package (.deb): Open Terminal and type sudo dpkg -i packagename.deb To remove a Debian (Ubuntu) package (.deb): sudo dpkg -r packagename To Reconfigure/Repair an installed Debian (Ubuntu) package (.deb): sudo dpkg-reconfigure packagename share improve this answer answered  Dec 5 '12 at 6:04 Atul Makwana 1,388 1 6 8

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up vote 78 down vote

My favourite is GDebi, available from both terminal/shell or graphical desktop. I usually associate .deb files with GDebi as it is fast and efficient - especially compared to Ubuntu Software Center. One of the main feature of GDebi is it resolves dependencies and installs them. For command-line run sudo gdebi <package.deb> to install a single deb file. share improve this answer edited Jun 3 '14 at 10:43 Pandya 11.6k 16 63 115 answered  Jul 31 '12 at 20:11 dsto 781 5 2

2   it checks for dependencies before installing, thx!! –  Aquarius Power  Nov 13 '14 at 3:18 Can gdebi even download the dependencies or we have to download them manually?? @Pandya –  Jasser Aug 29 '15 at 10:27  Probably better for people moving in from the non-Linux background. –  Nisheet  Dec 27 '16 at 11:26 add a comment

up vote 67 down vote

DPKG commands There are two actions, they are dpkg-query and dpkg-deb. Install a package # sudo dpkg -i {package_name} # sudo dpkg -i skype-ubuntu-precise_4.2.0.11-1_i386.deb Remove a package # sudo dpkg -r {package_name} # sudo dpkg -r vlc Remove a package and its configuration files # sudo dpkg -P {package_name} # sudo dpkg -P vlc List all installed packages. You can pipe the command to less (a pager) so you can more easily scroll the content: # dpkg -l | less Check if the package is installed or not # dpkg -l {package_name} # dpkg -l vlc Check if the package is installed or not, and if it is, launch it: # dpkg -l | vlc See whether a package is installed or not And this will show the location where the package will be installed. Here -S (capital S) to search whether the package was installed or not. # sudo dpkg -S {package_name} # sudo dpkg -S skype Install a *.deb package from a specified location Here -R is recursive. (Recursively handle all regular files matching the pattern *.deb found at specified directories and all of its subdirectories). # sudo dpkg -R --install {package_location} # sudo dpkg -R --install /home/sysadmin/soft Show package details Here -p (lowercase p) will show the package info: # dpkg -p {package_name} # dpkg -p apache2 View the content of a package Use -c (lowercase c) to show the content: # sudo dpkg -c {package_name} # sudo dpkg -c skype-ubuntu-precise_4.2.0.11-1_i386.deb Extract the *.deb package file Use -x (lowercase x) to extract: # dpkg -x {package_name} {location_were_to_extract} # dpkg -x libqt4-phonon_4.6.3-4+squeeze1_i386.deb /home/sysadmin/ Extract and display the filenames contained in a package Use -X (uppercase X) to display the content with extraction. # dpkg -X {package_name} {location_were_to_extract} # dpkg -X libqt4-phonon_4.6.3-4+squeeze1_i386.deb /home/sysadmin/ Display information about a package Here -I stands for information: # dpkg -I {package_name} # dpkg -I libqt4-phonon_4.6.3-4+squeeze1_i386.deb Reconfigure an already installed package dpkg-reconfigure reconfigures packages after they already have been installed. Pass it the name(s) of a package or packages to reconfigure. It will ask configuration questions, much like when the package was first installed. # dpkg-reconfigure postfix This will reconfigure postfix the same way as when you installed it for the first time. Need to know more about dpkg commands? Have a look at the manual page: # man dpkg share improve this answer edited Jan 16 '15 at 12:13 Neftas 376 2 3 19 answered  Feb 20 '14 at 7:29 Lonston 2,535 12 20

3   "Check if the package is installed or not, and if it is, launch it: # dpkg -l | vlc" - this would only pipe a list of packages to vlc, with unpredictable results if it were installed; and no better than just typing vlc –  Xen2050  Feb 7 '15 at 6:15 add a comment

up vote 19 down vote	A handy tip when installing a program like Libreoffice which has multiple .deb files in a folder is to use. sudo dpkg -i *.deb share improve this answer answered  Dec 22 '13 at 21:46 tadcan 191 1 4
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up vote 9 down vote

While dpkg -i indeed installs the package, it doesn't do any automatic dependency resolution, meanwhile there are two others alternatives, using gdebi, or the apt-get tool. To use the later just use: sudo apt-get install ./package.deb Note the ./ at the start, you need it if you are on the directory with the package, otherwise it just behave like dpkg -i. share improve this answer edited Aug 14 '16 at 4:22 answered  May 8 '16 at 23:48 Braiam 40.9k 16 99 160

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up vote 6 down vote

Create your own script installer debInstaller as the following: #!/bin/bash dpkg -i "$@" apt-get --yes --fix-broken install Make the script executable with chmod +x debInstaller Then move it to some dirs in your PATH or add the current directory to your PATH. I'm going to move it to /usr/bin sudo cp debInstaller /usr/bin Now you can install any .deb package using the command: sudo debInstaller some-package.deb The added value of this method is the solving the dependencies problem, since mostly you'll face some problems when you install a .deb with dpkg -i due to dependencies error, so you have to use apt-get install -f to solve it, this script will do the job for you, but here I used apt-get --yes --fix-broken install to automatically solve these errors without user intervention. share improve this answer edited Dec 24 '16 at 8:28 muru 79.8k 13 151 212 answered  May 29 '15 at 17:15 Maythux 34.3k 21 107 165

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up vote 1 down vote

To install a Debian package (ends with '.deb') using cmd 'dpkg', you would enter: cd /path/of/Debian/package sudo dpkg -i package-name.deb If you want to remove that same Debian package at some point, then: cd /path/of/Debian/package sudo dpkg -r package-name.deb To get a list of current Debian packages installed, use: dpkg -l share improve this answer answered  Aug 13 '16 at 7:19 David your friend 139 2 16

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up vote 0 down vote	To Install: sudo dpkg -i filename.deb sudo apt-get install -f sudo dpkg -i filename.deb To Remove: sudo dpkg -r PACKAGE-NAME To Reconfigure: sudo dpkg-reconfigure PACKAGE-NAME Another approach is to install gdebi share improve this answer edited Nov 8 '16 at 8:48 answered  Oct 24 '16 at 18:55 Benny 1,273 1 2 16
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up vote 0 down vote

The gdebi command-line solution Here's the best way to install a .deb file on Ubuntu on the command-line: sudo gdebi skype.deb If you don't have gdebi installed already, install it using sudo apt install gdebi-core. Why gdebi? gdebi will look for all the dependencies of the .deb file, and will install them before attempting to install the .deb file. I find this much preferable than sudo dpkg -i skype.deb && sudo apt install -f. The latter is much too eager to remove dependencies in certain situations. For instance, when I tried to install Skype, it attempted to remove 96 (!) packages, including packages like compiz and unity! gdebi gave a much clearer error message: $ sudo gdebi skype.deb Cannot install 'libqtgui:i386' (Here is the solution to that particular issue, by the way.) share improve this answer answered  Dec 27 '16 at 9:19 Flimm 15.2k 8 50 104

askubuntu.com/a/170557/158442 does say gdebi can be used from the command line –  muru  Dec 27 '16 at 11:59 @muru Yeah, but it's easy to miss because of the screenshot. Also, it doesn't explain the problems withdpkg -i skype.deb –  Flimm  Dec 27 '16 at 12:29  add a comment

up vote 0 down vote	In 16.04 & higher: Apt now installs & resolves dependencies from .deb files so quite simple, sudo apt install /path/to/packagename share improve this answer edited Dec 27 '16 at 11:58 muru 79.8k 13 151 212 answered  Dec 27 '16 at 11:22 doug 11.6k 1 27 35
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